15 CFR Part 970

15 CFR Part 970 (up to date as of 6/13/2025)
Deep Seabed Mining Regulations for Exploration Licenses

15 CFR Part 970 (June 13, 2025)

This content is from the eCFR and is authoritative but unofficial.

Title 15 —Commerce and Foreign Trade
Subtitle B —Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade
Chapter IX —National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
Subchapter D —General Regulations of the Environmental Data Service

15 CFR Part 970 (June 13, 2025) (enhanced display)

page 1 of 43

15 CFR Part 970 (up to date as of 6/13/2025)
Deep Seabed Mining Regulations for Exploration Licenses

15 CFR Part 970 (June 13, 2025)

Part 970 Deep Seabed Mining Regulations for Exploration Licenses
Subpart A General
§ 970.100 Purpose.
§ 970.101 Definitions.
§ 970.102 Nature of licenses.
§ 970.103 Prohibited activities and restrictions.
Subpart B Applications
§ 970.200
General.
Contents
§ 970.201 Statement of financial resources.
§ 970.202 Statement of technological experience and capabilities.
§ 970.203 Exploration plan.
§ 970.204 Environmental and use conflict analysis.
§ 970.205 Vessel safety.
§ 970.206 Statement of ownership.
§ 970.207 Antitrust information.
§ 970.208 Fee.
Procedures
§ 970.209 Substantial compliance with application requirements.
§ 970.210 Reasonable time for full compliance.
§ 970.211 Consultation and cooperation with Federal agencies.
§ 970.212 Public notice, hearing and comment.
§ 970.213 Amendment to an application.
Subpart C Procedures for Applications Based on Exploration Commenced Before
June 28, 1980; Resolution of Conflicts Among Overlapping
Applications; Applications by New Entrants
§ 970.300 Purposes and definitions.
§ 970.301 Requirements for applications based on pre-enactment exploration.
§ 970.302 Procedures and criteria for resolving conflicts.
§ 970.303 Procedures for new entrants.
§ 970.304 Action on portions of applications or amendments not in conflict.
Subpart D Certification of Applications
§ 970.400 General.
§ 970.401 Financial responsibility.
§ 970.402 Technological capability.
§ 970.403 Previous license and permit obligations.
§ 970.404 Adequate exploration plan.
§ 970.405 Appropriate exploration site size and location.
§ 970.406 Fee payment.
15 CFR Part 970 (June 13, 2025) (enhanced display)

page 2 of 43

15 CFR Part 970 (up to date as of 6/13/2025)
Deep Seabed Mining Regulations for Exploration Licenses

15 CFR Part 970 (June 13, 2025)

§ 970.407 Denial of certification.
§ 970.408 Notice of certification.
Subpart E Issuance/Transfer/Terms, Conditions and Restrictions
§ 970.500
General.
Issuance/Transfer; Modification/Revision; Suspension/Revocation
§ 970.501 Proposal to issue or transfer and of terms, conditions and restrictions.
§ 970.502 Consultation and cooperation with Federal agencies.
§ 970.503 Freedom of the high seas.
§ 970.504 International obligations of the United States.
§ 970.505 Breach of international peace and security involving armed conflict.
§ 970.506 Environmental effects.
§ 970.507 Safety at sea.
§ 970.508 Denial of issuance or transfer.
§ 970.509 Notice of issuance or transfer.
§ 970.510 Objections to terms, conditions and restrictions.
§ 970.511 Suspension or modification of activities; suspension or revocation of licenses.
§ 970.512 Modification of terms, conditions and restrictions.
§ 970.513 Revision of a license.
§ 970.514 Scale requiring application procedures.
§ 970.515 Duration of a license.
§ 970.516 Approval of license transfers.
Terms, Conditions, and Restrictions
§ 970.517 Diligence requirements.
§ 970.518 Environmental protection requirements.
§ 970.519 Resource conservation requirements.
§ 970.520 Freedom of the high seas requirements.
§ 970.521 Safety at sea requirements.
§ 970.522 Monitoring requirements.
§ 970.523 Special terms, conditions, and restrictions.
§ 970.524 Other Federal requirements.
Subpart F Resource Development Concepts
§ 970.600 General.
§ 970.601 Logical mining unit.
§ 970.602 Diligent exploration.
§ 970.603 Conservation of resources.
Subpart G Environmental Effects
§ 970.700 General.
§ 970.701 Significant adverse environmental effects.
§ 970.702 Monitoring and mitigation of environmental effects.
15 CFR Part 970 (June 13, 2025) (enhanced display)

page 3 of 43

15 CFR Part 970 (up to date as of 6/13/2025)
Deep Seabed Mining Regulations for Exploration Licenses

15 CFR Part 970 (June 13, 2025)

Subpart H Safety of Life and Property at Sea
§ 970.800 General.
§ 970.801 Criteria for safety of life and property at sea.
Subpart I Miscellaneous
§ 970.900 Other applicable regulations.
Subparts J-W [Reserved]
Subpart X Pre-enactment Exploration
§ 970.2401 Definitions.
§ 970.2402 Notice of pre-enactment exploration.
Subpart Y Pre-license Exploration
§ 970.2501 Notice of pre-license exploration voyages.
§ 970.2502 Post voyage report.
§ 970.2503 Suspension of exploration activities.
Subpart Z Miscellaneous
§ 970.2601 Additional information.

PART 970—DEEP SEABED MINING REGULATIONS FOR
EXPLORATION LICENSES
Authority: 30 U.S.C. 1401 et seq.

Subpart A—General
Source: 46 FR 45896, Sept. 15, 1981, unless otherwise noted.

§ 970.100 Purpose.
(a) General. The purpose of this part is to implement those responsibilities and authorities of the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), pursuant to Public Law 96-283, the Deep Seabed Hard
Mineral Resources Act (the Act), to issue to eligible United States citizens licenses for the exploration for
deep seabed hard minerals.
(b) Purposes of the Act. In preparing these regulations NOAA has been mindful of the purposes of the Act, as
set forth in section 2(b) thereof. These include:
(1) Encouraging the successful conclusion of a comprehensive Law of the Sea Treaty, which will give
legal definition to the principle that the hard mineral resources of the deep seabed are the common
heritage of mankind and which will assure, among other things, nondiscriminatory access to such
resources for all nations;

15 CFR 970.100(b)(1) (enhanced display)

page 4 of 43

15 CFR Part 970 (up to date as of 6/13/2025)
Deep Seabed Mining Regulations for Exploration Licenses

15 CFR 970.100(b)(2)

(2) Establishing, pending the ratification by, and entering into force with respect to, the United States of
such a treaty, an interim program to regulate the exploration for and commercial recovery of hard
mineral resources of the deep seabed by United States citizens;
(3) Accelerating the program of environmental assessment of exploration for and commercial recovery
of hard mineral resources of the deep seabed and assuring that such exploration and recovery
activities are conducted in a manner which will encourage the conservation of such resources,
protect the quality of the environment, and promote the safety of life and property at sea;
(4) Encouraging the continued development of technology necessary to recover the hard mineral
resources of the deep seabed; and
(5) Pending the ratification by, and entry into force with respect to, the United States of a Law of the Sea
Treaty, providing for the establishment of an international revenue-sharing fund the proceeds of
which will be used for sharing with the international community pursuant to such treaty.
(c) Regulatory approach.
(1) These regulations incorporate NOAA's recognition that the deep seabed mining industry is still
evolving and that more information must be developed to form the basis for future decisions by
industry and by NOAA in its implementation of the Act. They also recognize the need for flexibility in
order to promote the development of deep seabed mining technology, and the usefulness of
allowing initiative by miners to develop mining techniques and systems in a manner compatible with
the requirements of the Act and regulations. In this regard, the regulations reflect an approach,
pursuant to the Act, whereby their provisions ultimately will be addressed and evaluated on the basis
of exploration plans submitted by applicants.
(2) In addition, these regulations reflect NOAA's recognition that the difference in scale and effects
between exploration for and commercial recovery of hard mineral resources normally requires that
they be distinguished and addressed separately. This distinction is also based upon the evolutionary
stage of the seabed mining industry referenced above. Thus, NOAA will issue separate regulations
pertaining to commercial recovery, in part 971 of this chapter.
[46 FR 45896, Sept. 15, 1981; 47 FR 5966, Feb. 9, 1982]

§ 970.101 Definitions.
For purposes of this part, the term:
(a) Act means the Deep Seabed Hard Mineral Resources Act (Pub. L. 96-283; 94 Stat. 553; 30 U.S.C. 1401 et
seq.);
(b) Administrator means the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or a
designee;
(c) Applicant means an applicant for an exploration license pursuant to the Act and this part;
(d) Affiliate means any person:
(1) In which the applicant or licensee owns or controls more than 5% interest;
(2) Which owns or controls more than 5% interest in the applicant or licensee; or
(3) Which is under common ownership or control with the applicant or licensee.
15 CFR 970.101(d)(3) (enhanced display)

page 5 of 43

15 CFR Part 970 (up to date as of 6/13/2025)
Deep Seabed Mining Regulations for Exploration Licenses

15 CFR 970.101(e)

(e) Commercial recovery means:
(1) Any activity engaged in at sea to recover any hard mineral resource at a substantial rate for the
primary purpose of marketing or commercially using such resource to earn a net profit, whether or
not such net profit is actually earned;
(2) If such recovered hard mineral resource will be processed at sea, such processing; and
(3) If the waste of such activity to recover any hard mineral resource, or of such processing at sea, will
be disposed of at sea, such disposal;
(f) Continental Shelf means:
(1) The seabed and subsoil of the submarine areas adjacent to the coast, but outside the area of the
territorial sea, to a depth of 200 meters or, beyond that limit, to where the depth of the superjacent
waters admits of the exploitation of the natural resources of such submarine area; and
(2) The seabed and subsoil of similar submarine areas adjacent to the coast of islands;
(g) Controlling interest, for purposes of paragraph (t)(3) of this section, means a direct or indirect legal or
beneficial interest in or influence over another person arising through ownership of capital stock,
interlocking directorates or officers, contractual relations, or other similar means, which substantially
affect the independent business behavior of such person;
(h) Deep seabed means the seabed, and the subsoil thereof to a depth of ten meters, lying seaward of and
outside:
(1) The Continental Shelf of any nation; and
(2) Any area of national resource jurisdiction of any foreign nation, if such area extends beyond the
Continental Shelf of such nation and such jurisdiction is recognized by the United States;
(i)

Exploration means:
(1) Any at-sea observation and evaluation activity which has, as its objective, the establishment and
documentation of:
(i)

The nature, shape, concentration, location, and tenor of a hard mineral resource; and

(ii) The environmental, technical, and other appropriate factors which must be taken into account
to achieve commercial recovery; and
(2) The taking from the deep seabed of such quantities of any hard mineral resource as are necessary
for the design, fabrication and testing of equipment which is intended to be used in the commercial
recovery and processing of such resource;
(j)

Hard mineral resource means any deposit or accretion on, or just below, the surface of the deep seabed of
nodules which include one or more minerals, at least one of which contains manganese, nickel, cobalt, or
copper;

(k) International agreement means a comprehensive agreement concluded through negotiations at the Third
United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, relating to (among other matters) the exploration for
and commercial recovery of hard mineral resources and the establishment of an international regime for
the regulation thereof;
(l)

Licensee means the holder of a license issued under this part to engage in exploration;

15 CFR 970.101(l) (enhanced display)

page 6 of 43

15 CFR Part 970 (up to date as of 6/13/2025)
Deep Seabed Mining Regulations for Exploration Licenses

15 CFR 970.101(m)

(m) New entrant means any applicant, with respect to:
(1) Any application which has not been accorded a pre-enactment explorer priority of right under §
970.301; or
(2) Any amendment which has not been accorded a pre-enactment explorer priority of right under §
970.302.
(n) NOAA means the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration;
(o) Permittee means the holder of permit issued under NOAA regulations to engage in commercial recovery;
(p) Person means any United States citizen, any individual, and any corporation, partnership, joint venture,
association, or other entity organized or existing under the laws of any nation;
(q) Pre-enactment explorer means a person who was engaged in exploration prior to the date of enactment of
the Act (June 28, 1980);
(r) Reciprocating state means any foreign nation designated as such by the Administrator under section 118
of the Act;
(s) United States means the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico,
American Samoa, the United States Virgin Islands, Guam, and any other Commonwealth, territory, or
possession of the United States; and
(t) United States citizen means
(1) Any individual who is a citizen of the United States;
(2) Any corporation, partnership, joint venture, association, or other entity organized or existing under the
laws of any of the United States; and
(3) Any corporation, partnership, joint venture, association, or other entity (whether organized or existing
under the laws of any of the United States or a foreign nation) if the controlling interest in such entity
is held by an individual or entity described in paragraph (t)(1) or (t)(2) of this section.
[46 FR 45896, Sept. 15, 1981, as amended at 47 FR 5967, Feb. 9, 1982]

§ 970.102 Nature of licenses.
(a) A license issued under this part will authorize the holder thereof to engage in exploration within a specific
portion of the sea floor consistent with the provisions of the Act, this part, and the specific terms,
conditions and restrictions applied to the license by the Administrator.
(b) Any license issued under this part will be exclusive with respect to the holder thereof as against any other
United States citizen or any citizen, national or governmental agency of, or any legal entity organized or
existing under the laws of, any reciprocating state.
(c) A valid existing license will entitle the holder, if otherwise eligible under the provisions of the Act and
implementing regulations, to a permit for commercial recovery from an area selected within the same
area of the sea floor. Such a permit will recognize the right of the holder to recover hard mineral
resources, and to own, transport, use, and sell hard mineral resources recovered, under the permit and in
accordance with the requirements of the Act.

15 CFR 970.102(c) (enhanced display)

page 7 of 43

15 CFR Part 970 (up to date as of 6/13/2025)
Deep Seabed Mining Regulations for Exploration Licenses

15 CFR 970.103

§ 970.103 Prohibited activities and restrictions.
(a) Prohibited activities and exceptions.
(1) Except as authorized under subpart C of this part, no United States citizen may engage in any
exploration or commercial recovery unless authorized to do so under:
(i)

A license or a permit issued pursuant to the Act and implementing regulations;

(ii) A license, permit, or equivalent authorization issued by a reciprocating state; or
(iii) An international agreement which is in force with respect to the United States.
(2) The prohibitions of paragraph (a)(1) of this section will not apply to any of the following activities:
(i)

Scientific research, including that concerning hard mineral resources;

(ii) Mapping, or the taking of any geophysical, geochemical, oceanographic, or atmospheric
measurements or random bottom samplings of the deep seabed, if such taking does not
significantly alter the surface or subsurface of the deep seabed or significantly affect the
environment;
(iii) The design, construction, or testing of equipment and facilities which will or may be used for
exploration or commercial recovery, if such design, construction or testing is conducted on
shore, or does not involve the recovery of any but incidental hard mineral resources;
(iv) The furnishing of machinery, products, supplies, services, or materials for any exploration or
commercial recovery conducted under a license or permit issued under the Act and
implementing regulations, a license or permit or equivalent authorization issued by a
reciprocating state, or under an international agreement; and
(v) Activities, other than exploration or commercial recovery activities, of the Federal Government.
(3) No United States citizen may interfere or participate in interference with any activity conducted by
any licensee or permittee which is authorized to be undertaken under a license or permit issued by
the Administrator to a licensee or permittee under the Act or with any activity conducted by the
holder of, and authorized to be undertaken under, a license or permit or equivalent authorization
issued by a reciprocating state for the exploration or commercial recovery of hard mineral resources.
For purposes of this section, interference includes physical interference with activities authorized by
the Act, this part, and a license issued pursuant thereto; the filing of specious claims in the United
States or any other nation; and any other activity designed to harass deep seabed mining activities
authorized by law. Interference does not include the exercise of any rights granted to United States
citizens by the Constitution of the United States, any Federal or State law, treaty, or agreement or
regulation promulgated pursuant thereto.
(4) United States citizens must exercise their rights on the high seas with reasonable regard for the
interests of other states in their exercise of the freedoms of the high seas.
(b) Restrictions on issuance of licenses or permits. The Administrator will not issue:
(1) Any license or permit after the date on which an international agreement is ratified by and enters into
force with respect to the United States, except to the extent that issuance of such license or permit
is not inconsistent with such agreement;

15 CFR 970.103(b)(1) (enhanced display)

page 8 of 43

15 CFR Part 970 (up to date as of 6/13/2025)
Deep Seabed Mining Regulations for Exploration Licenses

15 CFR 970.103(b)(2)

(2) Any license or permit the exploration plan or recovery plan of which, submitted pursuant to the Act
and implementing regulations, would apply to an area to which applies, or would conflict with:
(i)

Any exploration plan or recovery plan submitted with any pending application to which priority
of right for issuance applies under this part;

(ii) Any exploration plan or recovery plan associated with any existing license or permit; or
(iii) Any equivalent authorization which has been issued, or for which formal notice of application
has been submitted, by a reciprocating state prior to the filing date of any relevant application
for licenses or permits pursuant to the Act and implementing regulations;
(3) A permit authorizing commercial recovery within any area of the deep seabed in which exploration is
authorized under a valid existing license if such permit is issued to a person other than the licensee
for such area;
(4) Any exploration license before July 1, 1981, or any permit which authorizes commercial recovery to
commence before January 1, 1988;
(5) Any license or permit the exploration plan or recovery plan for which applies to any area of the deep
seabed if, within the 3-year period before the date of application for such license or permit:
(i)

The applicant therefor surrendered or relinquished such area under an exploration plan or
recovery plan associated with a previous license or permit issued to such applicant; or

(ii) A license or permit previously issued to the applicant had an exploration plan or recovery plan
which applied to such area and such license or permit was revoked under section 106 of the
Act; or
(6) A license or permit, or approve the transfer of a license or permit, except to a United States citizen.

Subpart B—Applications
Source: 46 FR 45898, Sept. 15, 1981, unless otherwise noted.

§ 970.200 General.
(a) Who may apply; how. Any United States citizen may apply to the Administrator for issuance or transfer of
an exploration license. Applications must be submitted in the form and manner prescribed in this subpart.
(b) Place, form and copies. Applications for the issuance or transfer of exploration licenses must be
submitted in writing, verified and signed by an authorized officer or other authorized representative of the
applicant, in 30 copies, to the following address: Office of Ocean Minerals and Energy, National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, suite 410, Page 1 Building, 2001 Wisconsin Avenue, NW., Washington,
DC 20235. The Administrator may waive, in whole or in part, at his discretion, the requirement that 30
copies of an application be filed with NOAA.
(c) Use of application information. The contents of an application, as set forth below, must provide NOAA with
the information necessary to make determinations required by the Act and this part pertaining to the
issuance or transfer of an exploration license. Thus, each portion of the application should identify the
requirement in this part to which it responds. In addition, the information will be used by NOAA in its

15 CFR 970.200(c) (enhanced display)

page 9 of 43

15 CFR Part 970 (up to date as of 6/13/2025)
Deep Seabed Mining Regulations for Exploration Licenses

15 CFR 970.200(d)

function under the Act of consultation and cooperation with other Federal agencies or departments in
relation to their programs and authorities, in order to reduce the number of separate actions required to
satisfy Federal agencies' responsibilities.
(d) Pre-application consultation. To assist in the development of adequate applications and assure that
applicants understand how to respond to the provisions of this subpart, NOAA will be available for preapplication consultations with potential applicants. This includes consultation on the procedures in
subpart C. In appropriate circumstances, NOAA will provide written confirmation to the applicant of any
oral guidance resulting from such consultations.
(e) Priority of right.
(1) Priority of right for issuance of licenses to pre-enactment explorers will be established pursuant to
subpart C of this part.
(2) Priority of right for issuance of licenses to new entrants will be established on the basis of the
chronological order in which license applications, which are in substantial compliance with the
requirements established under this subpart, pursuant to § 970.209, are filed with the Administrator.
(3) Applications must be received by the Office of Ocean Minerals and Energy on behalf of the
Administrator before a priority can be established.
(4) Upon
(i)

a determination that:
(A) An application is not in substantial compliance in accordance with § 970.209 or subpart C,
as applicable;
(B) An application has not been brought into substantial compliance in accordance with §
970.210 or subpart C, as applicable;
(C) A license has been relinquished or surrendered in accordance with § 970.903; or

(ii) A decision to:
(A) Deny certification of a license pursuant to § 970.407; or
(B) Deny issuance of a license pursuant to § 970.508,
and after the exhaustion of any administrative or judicial review of such determination or
decision, the priority of right for issuance of a license will lapse.
(f) Request for confidential treatment of information. If an applicant wishes to have any information in his
application treated as confidential, he must so indicate pursuant to 15 CFR 971.802.
[46 FR 45898, Sept. 15, 1981, as amended at 47 FR 5968, Feb. 9, 1982; 54 FR 547, Jan. 6, 1989]

CONTENTS
§ 970.201 Statement of financial resources.
(a) General. The application must contain information sufficient to demonstrate to the Administrator the
financial resources of the applicant to carry out, in accordance with this part, the exploration program set
forth in the applicant's exploration plan. The information must show that the applicant is reasonably
15 CFR 970.201(a) (enhanced display)

page 10 of 43

15 CFR Part 970 (up to date as of 6/13/2025)
Deep Seabed Mining Regulations for Exploration Licenses

15 CFR 970.201(b)

capable of committing or raising sufficient resources to cover the estimated costs of the exploration
program. The information must be sufficient for the Administrator to make a determination on the
applicant's financial responsibility pursuant to § 970.401.
(b) Contents. In particular, the information on financial resources must include:
(1) A description of how the applicant intends to finance the exploration program;
(2) The estimated cost of the exploration program;
(3) With respect to the applicant and those entities upon which the applicant will rely to finance his
exploration activities, the most recent audited financial statement (for publicly-held companies, the
most recent annual report and Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission will
suffice in this regard); and
(4) The credit rating and bond rating of the applicant, and such financing entities, to the extent they are
relevant.

§ 970.202 Statement of technological experience and capabilities.
(a) General. The application must contain information sufficient to demonstrate to the Administrator the
technological capability of the applicant to carry out, in accordance with the regulations contained in this
part, the exploration program set out in the applicant's exploration plan. It must contain sufficient
information for the Administrator to make a determination on the applicant's technological capability
pursuant to § 970.402.
(b) Contents. In particular, the information submitted pursuant to this section must demonstrate knowledge
and skills which the applicant either possesses or to which he can demonstrate access. The information
must include:
(1) A description of the exploration equipment to be used by the applicant in carrying out the exploration
program;
(2) A description of the environmental monitoring equipment to be used by the applicant in monitoring
the environmental effects of the exploration program; and
(3) The experience on which the applicant will rely in using this or similar equipment.

§ 970.203 Exploration plan.
(a) General. Each application must include an exploration plan which describes the applicant's projected
exploration activities during the period to be covered by the proposed license. Generally, the exploration
plan must demonstrate to a reasonable extent that the applicant's efforts, by the end of the 10-year
license period, will likely lead to the ability to apply for and obtain a permit for commercial recovery. In
particular, the plan must include sufficient information for the Administrator, pursuant to this part, to make
the necessary determinations pertaining to the certification and issuance or transfer of a license and to
the development and enforcement of the terms, conditions and restrictions for a license.
(b) Contents. The exploration plan must contain the following information. In presenting this information, the
plan should incorporate the applicant's proposed individual approach, including a general description of
how projected participation by other entities will relate to the following elements, if appropriate. The plan
must present:
(1) The activities proposed to be carried out during the period of the license;
15 CFR 970.203(b)(1) (enhanced display)

page 11 of 43

15 CFR Part 970 (up to date as of 6/13/2025)
Deep Seabed Mining Regulations for Exploration Licenses

15 CFR 970.203(b)(2)

(2) A description of the area to be explored, including its delineation according to § 970.601;
(3) The intended exploration schedule which must be responsive to the diligence requirements in §
970.602. Taking into account that different applicants may have different concepts and chronologies
with respect to the types of activities described, the schedule should include an approximate
projection for the exploration activities planned. Although the details in each schedule may vary to
reflect the applicant's particular approach, it should address in some respect approximately when
each of the following types of activities is projected to occur.
(i)

Conducting survey cruises to determine the location and abundance of nodules as well as the
sea floor configuration, ocean currents and other physical characteristics of potential
commercial recovery sites;

(ii) Assaying nodules to determine their metal contents;
(iii) Designing and testing system components onshore and at sea;
(iv) Designing and testing mining systems which simulate commercial recovery;
(v) Designing and testing processing systems to prove concepts and designing and testing
systems which simulate commercial processing;
(vi) Evaluating the continued feasibility of commercial scale operations based on technical,
economic, legal, political and environmental considerations; and
(vii) Applying for a commercial recovery permit and, to the extent known, other permits needed to
construct and operate commercial scale facilities (if application for such permits is planned
prior to obtaining a commercial recovery permit);
(4) A description of the methods to be used to determine the location, abundance, and quality (i.e.,
assay) of nodules, and to measure physical conditions in the area which will affect nodule recovery
system design and operations (e.g., seafloor topography, seafloor geotechnic properties, and
currents);
(5) A general description of the developing recovery and processing technology related to the proposed
license, and of any planned or ongoing testing and evaluation of such technology. To the extent
possible at the time of application, this description should address such factors as nodule collection
technique, seafloor sediment rejection subsystem, mineship nodule separation scheme, pumping
method, anticipated equipment test areas, and details on the testing plan;
(6) An estimated schedule of expenditures, which must be responsive to the diligence requirements as
discussed in § 970.602;
(7) Measures to protect the environment and to monitor the effectiveness of environmental safeguards
and monitoring systems for commercial recovery. These measures must take into account the
provisions in §§ 970.506, 970.518, 970.522 and subpart G of this part; and
(8) A description of any relevant activity that the applicant has completed prior to the submission of the
application.

§ 970.204 Environmental and use conflict analysis.
(a) Environmental information. To enable NOAA to implement better its responsibility under section 109(d) of
the Act to develop an environmental impact statement (EIS) on the issuance of an exploration license, the
application must include information for use in preparing NOAA's EIS on the environmental impacts of the
15 CFR 970.204(a) (enhanced display)

page 12 of 43

15 CFR Part 970 (up to date as of 6/13/2025)
Deep Seabed Mining Regulations for Exploration Licenses

15 CFR 970.204(b)

activities proposed by the applicant. The applicant must present physical, chemical and biological
information for the exploration area. This information should include relevant environmental information,
if any, obtained during past exploration activities, but need not duplicate information obtained during
NOAA's DOMES Project. Planned activities in the area, including the testing of integrated mining systems
which simulate commercial recovery, also must be described. NOAA will need information with the
application on location and boundaries of the proposed exploration area, and plans for delineation of
features of the exploration area including baseline data or plans for acquiring them. The applicant may at
his option delay submission of baseline and equipment data and system test plans. However, applicants
so electing should plan to submit this latter information at least one year prior to the initial test, to allow
time for the supplement to the site-specific EIS, if one is required, to be prepared by NOAA, circulated,
reviewed and filed with EPA. The submission of this information with the application is strongly
encouraged, however, to minimize the possibility that a supplement will be required. If such latter
information is submitted subsequent to the original application such tests may not be undertaken in the
absence of concurrence by NOAA (which, if applicable, will be required in a term, condition, or restriction
in the license). NOAA has developed a technical guidance document which will provide assistance for the
agency and the applicant, in consultation, to identify the details on information needed in each case.
NOAA may refer to such information for purposes of other determinations under the Act as well. NOAA
also will seek to facilitate other Federal and, as necessary, state decisions on exploration activities by
functioning as lead agency for the EIS on the application and related actions by other agencies, including
those pertaining to any onshore impacts which may result from the proposed exploration activities.
(b) Use conflict information. To assist the Administrator in making determinations relating to potential use
conflicts between the proposed exploration and other activities in the exploration area, pursuant to §§
970.503, 970.505, and 970.520, the application must include information known to the applicant with
respect to such other activities.

§ 970.205 Vessel safety.
In order to provide a basis for the necessary determinations with respect to the safety of life and property at sea,
pursuant to §§ 970.507, 970.521 and subpart H of this part, the application must contain the following information,
except for those vessels under 300 gross tons which are engaged in oceanographic research if they are used in
exploration.
(a) U.S. flag vessel. The application must contain a demonstration or affirmation that any United States flag
vessel utilized in exploration activities will possess a current valid Coast Guard Certificate of Inspection
(COI). To the extent that the applicant knows which United States flag vessel he will be using, the
application must include a copy of the COI.
(b) Foreign flag vessel. The application must also contain information on any foreign flag vessels to be used
in exploration activities, which responds to the following requirements. To the extent that the applicant
knows which foreign flag vessel he will be using, the application must include evidence of the following:
(1) That any foreign flag vessel whose flag state is party to the International Convention for Safety of
Life at Sea, 1974 (SOLAS 74) possesses current valid SOLAS 74 certificates;
(2) That any foreign flag vessel whose flag state is not party to SOLAS 74 but is party to the
International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1960 (SOLAS 60) possesses current valid
SOLAS 60 certificates; and

15 CFR 970.205(b)(2) (enhanced display)

page 13 of 43

15 CFR Part 970 (up to date as of 6/13/2025)
Deep Seabed Mining Regulations for Exploration Licenses

15 CFR 970.205(b)(3)

(3) That any foreign flag vessel whose flag state is not a party to either SOLAS 74 or SOLAS 60 meets all
applicable structural and safety requirements contained in the published rules of a member of the
International Association of Classification Societies (IACS).
(c) Supplemental certificates. If the applicant does not know at the time of submitting an application which
vessels he will be using, he must submit the applicable certification for each vessel before the cruise on
which it will be used.

§ 970.206 Statement of ownership.
The application must include sufficient information to demonstrate that the applicant is a United States citizen, as
required by § 970.103(b)(6), and as defined in § 970.101(t). In particular, the application must include:
(a) Name, address, and telephone number of the United States citizen responsible for exploration operations
to whom notices and orders are to be delivered; and
(b) A description of the citizen or citizens engaging in such exploration, including:
(1) Whether the citizen is a natural person, partnership, corporation, joint venture, or other form of
association;
(2) The state of incorporation or state in which the partnership or other business entity is registered;
(3) The name of registered agent or equivalent representative and places of business;
(4) Certification of essential and nonproprietary provisions in articles of incorporation, charter or articles
of association; and
(5) The name of each member of the association, partnership, or joint venture, including information
about the participation of each partner and joint venturer and/or ownership of stock.

§ 970.207 Antitrust information.
(a) General. Section 103(d) of the Act specifically provides for antitrust review of applications by the Attorney
General of the United States and the Federal Trade Commission.
(b) Contents. In order to provide information for this antitrust review, the application must contain the
following:
(1) A copy of each agreement between any parties to any joint venture which is applying for a license,
provided that said agreement relates to deep seabed hard mineral resource exploration or mining;
(2) The identity of any affiliate of any person applying for a license; and
(3) For each applicant, its affiliate, or parent or subsidiary of an affiliate which is engaged in production
in, or the purchase or sale in or to, the United States of copper, nickel, cobalt or manganese minerals
or any metals refined from these minerals:
(i)

The annual tons and dollar value of any of these minerals and metals so purchased, sold or
produced for the two preceding years;

(ii) Copies of the annual report, balance sheet and income statement for the two preceding years;
and
(iii) Copies of each document submitted to the Securities and Exchange Commission.
15 CFR 970.207(b)(3)(iii) (enhanced display)

page 14 of 43

15 CFR Part 970 (up to date as of 6/13/2025)
Deep Seabed Mining Regulations for Exploration Licenses

15 CFR 970.208

§ 970.208 Fee.
(a) General. Section 104 of the Act provides that no application for the issuance or transfer of an exploration
license will be certified unless the applicant pays to NOAA a reasonable administrative fee, which must
reflect the reasonable administrative costs incurred in reviewing and processing the application.
(b) Amount. In order to meet this requirement, the application must include a fee payment of $100,000,
payable to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce. If costs
incurred by NOAA in reviewing and processing an application are significantly less than or in excess of the
original fee, the agency subsequently will determine those differences in costs and adjust the fee
accordingly. If the costs are significantly less, NOAA will refund the difference. If they are significantly
greater, the applicant will be required to submit the additional payment prior to issue or transfer of the
license. In the case of an application for transfer of a license to an entity which has previously been found
qualified for a license, the Administrator may, on the basis of pre-application consultations pursuant to §
970.200(d), reduce the fee in advance by an appropriate amount which reflects costs avoided by reliance
on previous findings made in relation to the proposed transferee. If an applicant elects to pursue the
‘banking’ option under § 970.601(d), and exercises that option by submitting two applications, only one
application fee needs to be submitted with respect to each use of the ‘banking’ option.
[46 FR 45898, Sept. 15, 1981, as amended at 47 FR 5966, 5968, Feb. 9, 1982]

PROCEDURES
§ 970.209 Substantial compliance with application requirements.
(a) Priority of right for the issuance of licenses to new entrants will be established on the basis of the
chronological order in which license applications which are in substantial compliance with the
requirements established under this subpart are filed with the Administrator pursuant to § 970.200.
(b) In order for an application to be in substantial compliance with the requirements of this subpart, it must
include information specifically identifiable with and materially responsive to each requirement contained
in §§ 970.201 through 970.208. A determination on substantial compliance relates only to whether the
application contains the required information, and does not constitute a determination on certification of
the application, or on issuance or transfer of a license.
(c) The Administrator will make a determination as to whether the application is in substantial compliance.
Within 30 days after receipt of an application and the opening of coordinates describing the application
area, he will issue written notice to the applicant regarding such determination. The notice will identify, if
applicable, in what respects the application is not in either full or substantial compliance. If the
application is in substantial but not full compliance, the notice will specify the information which the
applicant must submit in order to bring it into full compliance, and why the additional information is
necessary.
[46 FR 45898, Sept. 15, 1981, as amended at 47 FR 11513, Mar. 17, 1982]

15 CFR 970.209(c) (enhanced display)

page 15 of 43

15 CFR Part 970 (up to date as of 6/13/2025)
Deep Seabed Mining Regulations for Exploration Licenses

15 CFR 970.210

§ 970.210 Reasonable time for full compliance.
Priority of right will not be lost in case of any application filed which is in substantial but not full compliance, as
specified in § 970.209, if the Administrator determines that the applicant, within 60 days after issuance to the
applicant by the Administrator of written notice that the application is in substantial but not full compliance, has
brought the application into full compliance with the requirements of §§ 970.201 through 970.208.
[46 FR 45898, Sept. 15, 1981; 47 FR 5966, Feb. 9, 1982]

§ 970.211 Consultation and cooperation with Federal agencies.
(a) Promptly after his receipt of an application and the opening of coordinates describing the application
area, the Administrator will distribute a copy of the application to each other Federal agency or
department which, pursuant to section 103(e) of the Act, has identified programs or activities within its
statutory responsibilities which would be affected by the activities proposed in the application (i.e., the
Departments of State, Transportation, Justice, Interior, Defense, Treasury and Labor, as well as the
Environmental Protection Agency, Federal Trade Commission, Small Business Administration and
National Science Foundation). Based on its legal responsibilities and authorities, each such agency or
department may, not later than 60 days after it receives a copy of the application which is in full
compliance with this subpart, recommend certification of the application, issuance or transfer of the
license, or denial of such certification, issuance or transfer. The advice or recommendation by the
Attorney General or Federal Trade Commission on antitrust review, pursuant to § 970.207, must be
submitted within 90 days after their receipt of a copy of the application which is in full compliance with
this subpart. NOAA will use the benefits of this process of consultation and cooperation to facilitate
necessary Federal decisions on the proposed exploration activities, pursuant to the mandate of section
103(e) of the Act to reduce the number of separate actions required to satisfy Federal agencies' statutory
responsibilities.
(b) In any case in which a Federal agency or department recommends a denial, it will set forth in detail the
manner in which the application does not comply with any law or regulation within its area of
responsibility and will indicate how the application may be amended, or how terms, conditions or
restrictions might be added to the license to assure compliance with such law or regulation.
(c) A recommendation from another Federal agency or department for denying or amending an application
will not affect its having been in substantial compliance with the requirements of this subpart, pursuant to
§ 970.209, for purposes of establishing priority of right. However, pursuant to section 103(e) of the Act,
NOAA will cooperate with such agencies and with the applicant with the goal of resolving the concerns
raised and satisfying the statutory responsibilities of these agencies.
[46 FR 45898, Sept. 15, 1981, as amended at 47 FR 11513, Mar. 17, 1982]

§ 970.212 Public notice, hearing and comment.
(a) Notice and comments. The Administrator will publish in the FEDERAL REGISTER, for each application for an
exploration license, notice that such application has been received. Subject to 15 CFR 971.802, interested
persons will be permitted to examine the materials relevant to such application. Interested persons will
have at least 60 days after publication of such notice to submit written comments to the Administrator.
(b) Hearings.

15 CFR 970.212(b) (enhanced display)

page 16 of 43

15 CFR Part 970 (up to date as of 6/13/2025)
Deep Seabed Mining Regulations for Exploration Licenses

15 CFR 970.212(b)(1)

(1) After preparation of the draft EIS on an application pursuant to section 109(d) of the Act, the
Administrator shall hold a public hearing on the application and the draft EIS in an appropriate
location, and may employ such additional methods as he deems appropriate to inform interested
persons about each application and to invite their comments thereon.
(2) If the Administrator determines there exists one or more specific and material factual issues which
require resolution by formal processes, at least one formal hearing will be held in the District of
Columbia metropolitan area in accordance with the provisions of subpart I of 15 CFR part 971. The
record developed in any such formal hearing will be part of the basis of the Administrator's decisions
on an application.
(c) Hearings held pursuant to this section and other procedures will be consolidated insofar as practicable
with hearings held and procedures employed by other agencies.
[46 FR 45898, Sept. 15, 1981, as amended at 54 FR 547, Jan. 6, 1989]

§ 970.213 Amendment to an application.
After an application has been submitted to the Administrator, but before a determination is made on the issuance or
transfer of a license, the applicant must submit an amendment to the application if required by a significant change
in the circumstances represented in the original application and affecting the requirements of this subpart.
Applicants should consult with NOAA to determine if changes in circumstances are sufficiently significant to require
submission of an amendment. The application, as amended, would then serve as the basis for determinations by
the Administrator under this part. For each amendment judged by the Administrator to be significant, he will provide
a copy of such amendment to each other Federal agency and department which received a copy of the original
application, and also will provide for public notice, hearing and comment on the amendment pursuant to § 970.212.
Such amendment, however, will not affect the priority of right established by the filing of the original application.
After the issuance of or transfer of a license, any revision by the licensee will be made pursuant to § 970.513.

Subpart C—Procedures for Applications Based on Exploration Commenced Before June 28, 1980;
Resolution of Conflicts Among Overlapping Applications; Applications by New Entrants
Source: 47 FR 24948, July 8, 1982, unless otherwise noted.

§ 970.300 Purposes and definitions.
(a) This subpart sets forth the procedures which the Administrator will apply to applications filed with NOAA
covering areas of the deep seabed where the applicants have engaged in exploration prior to June 28,
1980, and to the resolution of conflicts arising out of such applications. This subpart also establishes the
date on which NOAA will begin to accept applications or amendments filed by new entrants, and certain
other procedures for new entrants.
(b) For the purposes of this subpart the term:
(1) Amendment means an amendment to an application which changes the area applied for;
(2) Application means an application for an exploration license which is filed pursuant to the Act and this
subpart;

15 CFR 970.300(b)(2) (enhanced display)

page 17 of 43

15 CFR Part 970 (up to date as of 6/13/2025)
Deep Seabed Mining Regulations for Exploration Licenses

15 CFR 970.300(b)(3)

(3) Conflict means the existence of more than one application or amendment with the same priority of
right:
(i)

Which are filed with the Administrator or with the Administrator and a reciprocating state; and

(ii) In which the deep seabed areas applied for overlap in whole or part, to the extent of the overlap;
(4) Original conflict means a conflict solely between or among applications;
(5) New conflict means a conflict between or among amendments filed after July 22, 1982, and on or
before October 15, 1982;
(6) Domestic conflict means a conflict solely between or among applications or amendments which
have been filed with the Administrator.
(7) International conflict means a conflict arising between or among applications or amendments filed
with the Administrator and a reciprocating state.

§ 970.301 Requirements for applications based on pre-enactment exploration.
(a) Pursuant to section 101(b) of the Act, any United States citizen who was engaged in exploration before
the effective date of the Act (June 28, 1980) qualifies as a pre-enactment explorer and may continue to
engage in such exploration without a license:
(1) If such citizen applies under this part for a license with respect to such exploration within the time
period specified in paragraph (b) of this section; and
(2) Until such license is issued to such citizen or a final administrative or judicial determination is made
affirming the denial of certification of the application for, or issuance of, such license.
(b) Any application for a license based upon pre-enactment exploration must be filed, at the address specified
in § 970.200(b), no later than 5:00 p.m. EST on March 12, 1982 (or such later date and time as the
Administrator may announce by regulation). All such applications filed at or before that time will be
deemed to be filed on such closing date.
(c) Applications not filed in accordance with this section will not be considered to be based on pre-enactment
exploration, and may be filed only as new entrant applications under § 970.303.
(d) To receive a pre-enactment explore priority of right for issuance of a license, and application must be,
when filed, in substantial compliance with requirements described in § 970.209(b). An application which
is in substantial but not full compliance will not lose its priority of right if it is brought into full compliance
according to § 970.210.
(e) Any application based on pre-enactment exploration must be for a reasonably compact area with respect
to which the applicant is a pre-enactment explorer, and, notwithstanding any part of § 970.601 which
indicates otherwise, such area must be bounded by a single continuous boundary.
(f) The coordinates and any chart of the logical mining unit applied for in an application based on a preenactment exploration must be submitted in a separate, sealed envelope.
(g) On or before March 12, 1982, the applicants must indicate to the Administrator, other than in the sealed
portion of the application:
(1) The size of the area applied for;

15 CFR 970.301(g)(1) (enhanced display)

page 18 of 43

15 CFR Part 970 (up to date as of 6/13/2025)
Deep Seabed Mining Regulations for Exploration Licenses

15 CFR 970.301(g)(2)

(2) Whether the applicant or any person on the applicant's behalf has applied, or intends to apply, for the
same area or substantially the same area to one or more nations, and the number of such other
applications; and
(3) Whether the other applicant is pursuing the “banking” option under § 970.601(d), and the number of
applications filed, or to be filed, in pursuit of the “banking” option.

§ 970.302 Procedures and criteria for resolving conflicts.
(a) General. This section governs the resolution of all conflicts between or among applications or
amendments having pre-enactment explorer priority of right.
(b) Identification of applicants. On June 21, 1982, the Administrator will meet with representatives of
reciprocating states to identify their respective pre-enactment explorer applicants, and will identify the
coordinates of the application areas applied for by such applicants.
(c) Initial processing. On or before July 13, 1982, the Administrator will determine whether each domestic
application is entitled to a priority of right based on pre-enactment exploration in accordance with §
970.301.
(d) Identification of conflicts. On July 14, 1982, the Administrator will meet with representatives of
reciprocating states to exchange lists of applications accorded pre-enactment explorer priorities of right,
and will identify any conflicts existing among such applications.
(e) Notification to applicants of conflicts. If the Administrator identifies a conflict, he will send, no later than
July 22, 1982, written notice of the conflict to each domestic applicant involved in the conflict. The notice
will:
(1) Identify each applicant involved in the conflict in question:
(2) Identify the coordinates of the portions of the application areas which are in conflict;
(3) Indicate that the applicant may request from the Administrator the coordinates of the application
areas from any other applications filed with the Administrator or with a reciprocating state (such
coordinates will be provided subject to appropriate confidentiality arrangements);
(4) State whether;
(i)

Each domestic application involved in the conflict is in substantial or, if known, full compliance
with the requirements described in § 970.209(b); and

(ii) Each foreign application involved in the conflict meets, if known, the legal requirements of the
reciprocating state in which it is filed;
(5) Notify each domestic applicant involved in a conflict that he may, after July 22, 1982, and on or
before November 16, 1982, resolve the conflict voluntarily according to paragraph (f) of this section,
and that on or after November 17, 1982, any unresolved conflict shall be resolved in accordance with
paragraph (j) or (k) of this section, as applicable; and
(6) In the case of an international conflict, include a copy of any applicable conflict resolution
procedures in force between the United States and its reciprocating states pursuant to section 118
of the Act.
(f) Voluntary resolution of conflicts. Each U.S. applicant involved in a conflict may resolve the conflict after
July 22, 1982, and on or before November 16, 1982, by:
15 CFR 970.302(f) (enhanced display)

page 19 of 43

15 CFR Part 970 (up to date as of 6/13/2025)
Deep Seabed Mining Regulations for Exploration Licenses

15 CFR 970.302(f)(1)

(1) Unilaterally, or by agreement with each other applicant involved in the conflict, filing an amendment
to the application eliminating the conflict; or
(2) Agreeing in writing with the other applicant(s) involved in the conflict to submit it to an agreed
binding conflict resolution procedure.
(g) Amendments.
(1) Amendments must be filed in accordance with the requirements for applications described in §
970.200.
(2) The Administrator will:
(i)

Accept no amendment prior to July 23, 1982;

(ii) Accord pre-enactment explorer priority of right only to amendments which:
(A) Pertain to areas with respect to which the applicant has engaged in pre-enactment
exploration;
(B) Resolve an existing conflict with respect to that application;
(C) Do not apply for an area included in an application filed pursuant to § 970.301 which is
accorded pre-enactment explorer priority of right or an application identified pursuant to §
970.302(b) which has been filed with a reciprocating state; and
(D) Are filed on or before October 15, 1982; and
(iii) Accord amendments which meet the requirements of this paragraph (g) the same priority of
right as the applications to which they pertain.
(3) The area applied for in an amendment need not be adjacent to the area applied for in the original
application.
(4) Amendments not accorded pre-enactment explorer priority of right may be filed as new entrant
amendments under § 970.303.
(h) Notification of amendments and new conflicts. The Administrator will:
(1) No later than October 25, 1982, notify each reciprocating state of any amendment accorded preenactment explorer priority of right pursuant to paragraph (g) of this section and, in cooperation with
such states, identify any new conflicts;
(2) No later than October 27, 1982, notify each domestic applicant who is involved in a new conflict. The
notice will:
(i)

Identify each applicant with whom each new conflict has arisen;

(ii) Identify the coordinates of each area in which the applicant is involved in a new conflict;
(iii) Indicate that the applicant may request from the Administrator the coordinates of each area
included in an amendment accorded pre-enactment explorer priority of right pursuant to
paragraph (g) of this section, or for which notice has been received from a reciprocating state
(such coordinates will be provided subject to appropriate confidentiality arrangements);

15 CFR 970.302(h)(2)(iii) (enhanced display)

page 20 of 43

15 CFR Part 970 (up to date as of 6/13/2025)
Deep Seabed Mining Regulations for Exploration Licenses

15 CFR 970.302(h)(2)(iv)

(iv) Notify the applicant that he may, on or before November 16, 1982, resolve the conflict
voluntarily according to paragraph (f) of this section, and that on or after November 17, 1982,
any unresolved conflict shall be resolved in accordance with paragraph (j) or (k) of this section,
as applicable; and
(v) In the case of an international conflict, include a copy of any applicable conflict resolution
procedures in force between the United States and its reciprocating states pursuant to section
118 of the Act.
(i)

Government assistance in resolving international conflicts. If, by October 26 1982, the applicants have not
resolved, or agreed in writing to a specified binding procedure to resolve, an original international conflict,
or new international conflict, the Administrator, the Secretary of State of the United States, and
appropriate officials of the government of the reciprocating state to which the other applicant involved in
the conflict applied will use their good offices to assist the applicants to resolve the conflict. After
November 16, 1982, any unresolved international conflicts will be resolved in accordance with paragraph
(k) of this section.

(j)

Unresolved domestic conflict —
(1) Procedure.
(i)

In the case of an original domestic conflict or a new domestic conflict, the applicants will be
allowed until April 15, 1983, to resolve the conflict or agree in writing to submit the conflict to a
specified binding conflict resolution procedure. If, by April 15, 1983, all applicants involved in an
original or new domestic conflict have not resolved that conflict, or agreed in writing to submit
the conflict to a specified binding conflict resolution procedure, the conflict will be resolved in a
formal hearing held in accordance with subpart I of 15 CFR part 971, except that:
(A) The General Counsel of NOAA will not, as a matter of right, be a party to the hearing;
however, the General Counsel may be admitted to the hearing by the administrative law
judge as a party or as an interested person pursuant to 15 CFR 971.901 (f)(2) or (f)(3); and
(B) The administrative law judge will take such actions as he deems necessary and
appropriate to conclude the hearing and transmit a recommended decision to the
Administrator in an expeditious manner.

(ii) Notwithstanding the above, at any time on or after November 17, 1982, and on or before April
14, 1983, the applicants involved in the conflict may, by agreement, request the Administrator to
resolve the conflict in a formal hearing as described above.
(2) Decision principles for NOAA formal conflict resolution.
(i)

The Administrator shall determine which applicant involved in a conflict between or among preenactment explorer applications or amendments shall be awarded all or part of each area in
conflict.

(ii) The determination of the Administrator shall be based on the application of principles of equity
which take into consideration, with respect to each applicant involved in the conflict, the
following factors:
(A) The continuity and extent of activities relevant to each area in conflict and the application
area of which it is a part;

15 CFR 970.302(j)(2)(ii)(A) (enhanced display)

page 21 of 43

15 CFR Part 970 (up to date as of 6/13/2025)
Deep Seabed Mining Regulations for Exploration Licenses

15 CFR 970.302(j)(2)(ii)(B)

(B) The date on which each applicant involved in the conflict, or predecessor in interest or
component organization thereof, commenced activities at sea in the application area;
(C) The financial cost of activities relevant to each area in conflict and to the application area
of which it is a part, measured in constant dollars;
(D) The time when the activities were carried out, and the quality of the activities; and
(E) Such additional factors as the Administrator determines to be relevant, but excluding
consideration of the future work plans of the applicants involved in any conflict.
(iii) For the purposes of this paragraph (j) of this section, the word activities means the
undertakings, commitments of resources investigations, findings, research, engineering
development and other activities relevant to the identification, discovery, and systematic
analysis and evaluation of hard mineral resources and to the determination of the technical and
economic feasibility of commercial recovery.
(iv) When considering the factors specified in paragraph (j)(2)(ii) of this section, the Administrator
shall hear, and shall (except for purposes of apportionment pursuant to paragraph (j)(2)(v) of
this section) limit his consideration to, all evidence based on the activities specified in
paragraph (j)(2)(ii) of this section which were conducted on or before January 1, 1982, Provided,
however, That an applicant must prove at-sea activities in the area in conflict prior to June 28,
1980, as a pre-condition to presentation of further evidence to the Administrator regarding
activities in the area in conflict.
(v) In making his determination, the Administrator may award the entire area in conflict to one
applicant involved in the conflict, or he may apportion the area among any or all of the
applicants involved in the conflict. If, after applying the principles of equity, the Administrator
determines that the area in conflict should be apportioned, the Administrator shall (to the
maximum extent practicable consistent with the Administrator's application of the principles of
equity) apportion the area in a manner designed to satisfy the plan of work set forth in the
application of each applicant which is awarded part of the area.
(vi) Each applicant involved in the conflict must file an amendment to its application if necessary to
implement the determination made by the Administrator.
(k) Unresolved international conflicts.
(1) If, by November 17, 1982, all applicants involved in an original or new international conflict have not
resolved that conflict, or agreed in writing to submit the conflict to a specified binding conflict
resolution procedure, the applicants shall proceed in accordance with the conflict resolution
procedures agreed to between the United States and its reciprocating states pursuant to section 118
of the Act.
(2) Each applicant whose application is involved in an international conflict shall be responsible for
actions required in the conduct of the conflict resolution procedures, including bearing a
proportional cost of implementing the procedures, representing himself in any proceedings, and
assisting in the selection of arbitrators if necessary.
(l)

Continued opportunity for voluntary resolutions. Each applicant may resolve any conflict by voluntary
procedures at any time while that conflict persists.

(m) Effect on priorities of new entrants.
15 CFR 970.302(m) (enhanced display)

page 22 of 43

15 CFR Part 970 (up to date as of 6/13/2025)
Deep Seabed Mining Regulations for Exploration Licenses

15 CFR 970.302(m)(1)

(1) A pre-enactment explorer is entitled to a priority of right over a new entrant for any area in which the
pre-enactment explorer has engaged in exploration prior to June 28, 1980 if, with respect to that
area, the pre-enactment explorer files an application in accordance with this part on or after January
25, 1982 and on or before the closing date for pre-enactment explorer applications established
under § 970.301(b).
(2) Any amendment which is filed by a pre-enactment explorer on or before October 15, 1982, relates
back to the date of filing of the original application and shall give the pre-enactment explorer priority
of right over all new entrants if the amendment is accorded a pre-enactment explorer priority of right
under paragraph (g) of this section.
[47 FR 24948, July 8, 1982, as amended at 54 FR 548, Jan. 6, 1989]

§ 970.303 Procedures for new entrants.
(a) Filing of new entrant applications or amendments; priority of right. New entrant applications or
amendments must be filed in accordance with § 970.200. A new entrant may file an application or
amendment only at or after 1500 hours G.m.t. (11:00 a.m. EDT) January 3, 1983. All applications or
amendments filed at that time shall be deemed to be filed simultaneously, and, if in accordance with §
970.209, shall have priority of right over any application or amendment filed subsequently. Priority of right
for any application or amendment filed after that time will be established as described in § 970.209.
(b) Conflicts.
(1) If a domestic conflict exists between or among new entrant applications or amendments, the
applicants involved in the conflict shall resolve it.
(2) If an international conflict exists between or among new entrant applications or amendments, the
conflict shall be resolved in accordance with applicable conflict resolution procedures agreed to
between the United States and its reciprocating States pursuant to section 118 of the Act. The
Administrator will provide each domestic applicant involved in an international conflict a copy of any
such procedures in force when the Administrator issues notice to the applicant that an international
conflict exists. Each applicant whose application is involved in an international conflict shall be
responsible for actions required in the conduct of the conflict resolution procedures, including
bearing a proportional cost of implementing the procedures, representing himself in any
proceedings, and assisting in the selection of arbitrators if necessary.

§ 970.304 Action on portions of applications or amendments not in conflict.
If an applicant so requests, the Administrator will proceed in accordance with this part to review that portion of an
area included in an application or amendment that is not involved in a conflict. However, the Administrator will
proceed with such review only if the applicant advises the Administrator in writing that the applicant will continue to
seek a license for the proposed exploration activities in the portion of the application area that is not in conflict. To
the extent practicable, the deadlines for certification of an application or amendment and issuance of a license
provided in §§ 970.400 and 970.500, respectively, will run from the date of filing of the original application.

Subpart D—Certification of Applications
Source: 46 FR 45902, Sept. 15, 1981, unless otherwise noted.

15 CFR 970.304 (enhanced display)

page 23 of 43

15 CFR Part 970 (up to date as of 6/13/2025)
Deep Seabed Mining Regulations for Exploration Licenses

15 CFR 970.400

§ 970.400 General.
(a) Certification is an intermediate step between receipt of an application for issuance or transfer of a license
and its actual issuance or transfer. It is a determination which focuses on the eligibility of the applicant.
(b) Before the Administrator may certify an application for issuance or transfer of a license, he must
determine that issuance of the license would not violate any of the restrictions in § 970.103(b). He also
must make written determinations with respect to the requirements set forth in §§ 970.401 through
970.406. This will be done after consultation with other departments and agencies pursuant to § 970.211.
(c) To the maximum extent possible, the Administrator will endeavor to complete certification of an
application within 100 days after submission of an application which is in full compliance with subpart B
of this part. If final certification or denial of certification has not occurred within 100 days after such
submission of the application, the Administrator will inform the applicant in writing of the pending
unresolved issues, the agency's efforts to resolve them, and an estimate of the time required to do so.

§ 970.401 Financial responsibility.
(a) Before the Administrator may certify an application for an exploration license he must find that the
applicant has demonstrated that, upon issuance or transfer of the license, the applicant will be financially
responsible to meet all obligations which he may require to engage in the exploration proposed in the
application.
(b) In order for the Administrator to make this determination, the applicant must show to the Administrator's
satisfaction that he is reasonably capable of committing or raising sufficient resources to carry out, in
accordance with the provisions contained in this part, the exploration program set forth in his exploration
plan.

§ 970.402 Technological capability.
(a) Before the Administrator may certify an application for an exploration license, he must find that the
applicant has demonstrated that, upon issuance or transfer of the license, the applicant will possess, or
have access to or a reasonable expectation of obtaining, the technological capability to engage in the
proposed exploration.
(b) In order for the Administrator to make this determination, the applicant must demonstrate to the
Administrator's satisfaction that the applicant will possess or have access to, at the time of issuance or
transfer of the license, the technology and expertise, as needed, to carry out the exploration program set
forth in his exploration plan.

§ 970.403 Previous license and permit obligations.
In order to certify an application, the Administrator must find that the applicant has satisfactorily fulfilled all past
obligations under any license or permit previously issued or transferred to the applicant under the Act.

§ 970.404 Adequate exploration plan.
Before he may certify an application, the Administrator must find that the proposed exploration plan of the applicant
meets the requirements of § 970.203.

15 CFR 970.404 (enhanced display)

page 24 of 43

15 CFR Part 970 (up to date as of 6/13/2025)
Deep Seabed Mining Regulations for Exploration Licenses

15 CFR 970.405

§ 970.405 Appropriate exploration site size and location.
Before the Administrator may certify an application, he must approve the size and location of the exploration area
selected by the applicant. The Administrator will approve the size and location of the area unless he determines that
the area is not a logical mining unit pursuant to § 970.601.

§ 970.406 Fee payment.
Before the Administrator may certify an application, he must find that the applicant has paid the license fee as
specified in § 970.208.

§ 970.407 Denial of certification.
(a) The Administrator may deny certification of an application if he finds that the requirements of this subpart
have not been met. If, in the course of reviewing an application for certification, the Administrator
becomes aware of the fact that one or more of the requirements for issuance or transfer under §§
970.503 through 970.507 will not be met, he may also deny certification of the application.
(b) When the Administrator proposes to deny certification he will send to the applicant, and publish in the
FEDERAL REGISTER, written notice of intention to deny certification. Such notice will include:
(1) The basis upon which the Administrator proposes to deny certification; and
(2) If the basis for the proposed denial is a deficiency which the Administrator believes the applicant can
correct:
(i)

The action believed necessary to correct the deficiency; and

(ii) The time within which any correctable deficiency must be corrected (the period of time may not
exceed 180 days except as specified by the Administrator for good cause).
(c) The Administrator will deny certification:
(1) On the 30th day after the date the notice is sent to the applicant, under paragraph (b) of this section,
unless before such 30th day the applicant files with the Administrator a written request for an
administrative review of the proposed denial; or
(2) On the last day of the period established under paragraph (b)(2)(ii) of this section in which the
applicant must correct a deficiency, if such deficiency has not been corrected before such day and
an administrative review requested pursuant to paragraph (c)(1) of this section is not pending or in
progress.
(d) If a timely request for administrative review of the proposed denial is made by the applicant under
paragraph (c)(1) of this section, the Administrator will promptly begin a formal hearing in accordance with
Subpart I of 15 CFR part 971. If the proposed denial is the result of a correctable deficiency, the
administrative review will proceed concurrently with any attempts to correct the deficiency, unless the
parties agree otherwise or the administrative law judge orders differently.
(e) If the Administrator denies certification, he will send to the applicant written notice of the denial, including
the reasons therefor.
(f) Any final determination by the Administrator granting or denying certification is subject to judicial review
as provided in Chapter 7 of Title 5, United States Code.
15 CFR 970.407(f) (enhanced display)

page 25 of 43

15 CFR Part 970 (up to date as of 6/13/2025)
Deep Seabed Mining Regulations for Exploration Licenses

15 CFR 970.408

[46 FR 45902, Sept. 15, 1981, as amended at 54 FR 547, Jan. 6, 1989]

§ 970.408 Notice of certification.
Upon making a final determination to certify an application for an exploration license, the Administrator will
promptly send written notice of his determination to the applicant.

Subpart E—Issuance/Transfer/Terms, Conditions and Restrictions
Source: 46 FR 45903, Sept. 15, 1981, unless otherwise noted.

§ 970.500 General.
(a) Proposal. After certification of an application pursuant to Subpart D of this part, the Administrator will
proceed with a proposal to issue or transfer a license for the exploration activities described in the
application.
(b)
(1) Terms, conditions and restrictions. Within 180 days (or such longer period as the Administrator may
establish for good cause shown in writing) after certification, the Administrator will propose terms
and conditions for, and restrictions on, the proposed exploration which are consistent with the
provisions of the Act and this part as set forth in §§ 970.517 through 970.524. Proposed and final
terms, conditions and restrictions will be uniform in all licenses, except to the extent that differing
physical and environmental conditions require the establishment of special terms, conditions and
restrictions for the conservation of natural resources, protection of the environment, or the safety of
life and property at sea. The Administrator will propose these in writing to the applicant. Also, public
notice thereof will be provided pursuant to § 970.501, and they will be included with the draft of the
EIS on the issuance of a license which is required by section 109(d) of the Act.
(2) If the Administrator does not propose terms, conditions and restrictions within 180 days after
certification, he will notify the applicant in writing of the reasons for the delay and will indicate the
approximate date on which the proposed terms, conditions and restrictions will be completed.
(c) Findings. Before issuing or transferring an exploration license, the Administrator must make written
findings in accordance with the requirements of §§ 970.503 through 970.507. These findings will be
made after considering all information submitted with respect to the application and proposed issuance
or transfer. He will make a final determination on issuance or transfer of a license, and will publish a final
EIS on that action, within 180 days (or such longer period of time as he may establish for good cause
shown in writing) following the date on which proposed terms, conditions and restrictions, and the draft
EIS, are published.

ISSUANCE/TRANSFER; MODIFICATION/REVISION; SUSPENSION/REVOCATION

15 CFR 970.500(c) (enhanced display)

page 26 of 43

15 CFR Part 970 (up to date as of 6/13/2025)
Deep Seabed Mining Regulations for Exploration Licenses

15 CFR 970.501

§ 970.501 Proposal to issue or transfer and of terms, conditions and restrictions.
(a) Notice and comment. The Administrator will publish in the FEDERAL REGISTER notice of each proposal to
issue or transfer, and of terms and conditions for, and restrictions on, an exploration license. Subject to 15
CFR 971.802, interested persons will be permitted to examine the materials relevant to such proposals.
Interested persons will have at least 60 days after publication of such notice to submit written comments
to the Administrator.
(b) Hearings.
(1) The Administrator will hold a public hearing in an appropriate location and may employ such
additional methods as he deems appropriate to inform interested persons about each proposal and
to invite their comments thereon.
(2) If the Administrator determines there exists one or more specific and material factual issues which
require resolution by formal processes, at least one formal hearing will be held in the District of
Columbia metropolitan area in accordance with the provisions of subpart I of 15 CFR part 971. The
record developed in any such formal hearing will be part of the basis for the Administrator's
decisions on issuance or transfer of, and of terms, conditions and restrictions for the license.
(c) Hearings held pursuant to this section will be consolidated insofar as
practicable with hearings held by other agencies.
[46 FR 45903, Sept. 15, 1981, as amended at 54 FR 548, Jan. 6, 1989]

§ 970.502 Consultation and cooperation with Federal agencies.
Prior to the issuance or transfer of an exploration license, the Administrator will continue the consultation and
cooperation with other Federal agencies which were initiated pursuant to § 970.211. This consultation will be to
assure compliance with, among other statutes, the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended, the Marine
Mammal Protection Act of 1972, as amended, and the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act. He also will consult, prior
to any issuance, transfer, modification or renewal of a license, with any affected Regional Fishery Management
Council established pursuant to section 302 of the Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C.
1852) if the activities undertaken pursuant to such license could adversely affect any fishery within the Fishery
Conservation Zone, or any anadromous species or Continental Shelf fishery resource subject to the exclusive
management authority of the United States beyond such zone.

§ 970.503 Freedom of the high seas.
(a) Before issuing or transferring an exploration license, the Administrator must find that the exploration
proposed in the application will not unreasonably interfere with the exercise of the freedoms of the high
seas by other nations, as recognized under general principles of international law.
(b) In making this finding, the Administrator will recognize that exploration for hard mineral resources of the
deep seabed is a freedom of the high seas. In the exercise of this right, each licensee must act with
reasonable regard for the interests of other nations in their exercise of the freedoms of the high seas.
(c)

15 CFR 970.503(c) (enhanced display)

page 27 of 43

15 CFR Part 970 (up to date as of 6/13/2025)
Deep Seabed Mining Regulations for Exploration Licenses

15 CFR 970.503(c)(1)

(1) In the event of a conflict between the exploration program of an applicant or licensee and a
competing use of the high seas by another nation or its nationals, the Administrator, in consultation
and cooperation with the Department of State and other interested agencies, will enter into
negotiations with that nation to resolve the conflict. To the maximum extent possible the
Administrator will endeavor to resolve the conflict in a manner that will allow both uses to take place
in a manner in which neither will unreasonably interfere with the other.
(2) If both uses cannot be conducted harmoniously in the area subject to the exploration plan, the
Administrator will decide whether to issue or transfer the license.

§ 970.504 International obligations of the United States.
Before issuing or transferring an exploration license, the Administrator must find that the exploration proposed in
the application will not conflict with any international obligation of the United States established by any treaty or
international convention in force with respect to the United States.

§ 970.505 Breach of international peace and security involving armed conflict.
Before issuing or transferring an exploration license, the Administrator must find that the exploration proposed in
the application will not create a situation which may reasonably be expected to lead to a breach of international
peace and security involving armed conflict.

§ 970.506 Environmental effects.
Before issuing or transferring an exploration license, the Administrator must find that the exploration proposed in
the application cannot reasonably be expected to result in a significant adverse effect on the quality of the
environment, taking into account the analyses and information in any applicable EIS prepared pursuant to section
109(c) or 109(d) of the Act. This finding also will be based upon the considerations and approach in § 970.701.

§ 970.507 Safety at sea.
Before issuing or transferring an exploration license, the Administrator must find that the exploration proposed in
the application will not pose an inordinate threat to the safety of life and property at sea. This finding will be based
on the requirements reflected in §§ 970.205 and 970.801.

§ 970.508 Denial of issuance or transfer.
(a) The Administrator may deny issuance or transfer of a license if he finds that the applicant or the proposed
exploration activities do not meet the requirements of this part for the issuance or transfer of a license.
(b) When the Administrator proposes to deny issuance or transfer, he will send to the applicant, and publish in
the FEDERAL REGISTER, written notice of such intention to deny issuance or transfer. Such notice will
include:
(1) The basis upon which the Administrator proposes to deny issuance or transfer; and
(2) If the basis for the proposed denial is a deficiency which the Administrator believes the applicant can
correct:
(i)

The action believed necessary to correct the deficiency; and

15 CFR 970.508(b)(2)(i) (enhanced display)

page 28 of 43

15 CFR Part 970 (up to date as of 6/13/2025)
Deep Seabed Mining Regulations for Exploration Licenses

15 CFR 970.508(b)(2)(ii)

(ii) The time within which any correctable deficiency must be corrected (the period of time may not
exceed 180 days except as specified by the Administrator for good cause).
The FEDERAL REGISTER notice will not include the coordinates of the proposed exploration area.
(c) The Administrator will deny issuance or transfer:
(1) On the 30th day after the date the notice is sent to the applicant under paragraph (b) of this section,
unless before such 30th day the applicant files with the Administrator a written request for an
administrative review of the proposed denial; or
(2) On the last day of the period established under paragraph (b)(2)(ii) of this section in which the
applicant must correct a deficiency, if such deficiency has not been corrected before such day and
an administrative review requested pursuant to paragraph (c)(1) of this section is not pending or in
progress.
(d) If a timely request for administrative review of the proposed denial is made by the applicant under
paragraph (c)(1) of this section, the Administrator will promptly begin a formal hearing in accordance with
subpart I of 15 CFR part 971. If the proposed denial is the result of a correctable deficiency, the
administrative review will proceed concurrently with any attempt to correct the deficiency, unless the
parties agree otherwise or the administrative law judge orders differently.
(e) If the Administrator denies issuance or transfer, he will send to the applicant written notice of the denial,
including the reasons therefor.
(f) Any final determination by the Administrator granting or denying issuance of a license is subject to judicial
review as provided in chapter 7 of title 5, United States Code.
[46 FR 45903, Sept. 15, 1981, as amended at 54 FR 548, Jan. 6, 1989]

§ 970.509 Notice of issuance or transfer.
If the Administrator finds that the requirements of this part have been met, he will issue or transfer the license along
with the appropriate terms, conditions and restrictions. Notification thereof will be made in writing to the applicant
and in the FEDERAL REGISTER.

§ 970.510 Objections to terms, conditions and restrictions.
(a) The licensee may file a notice of objection to any term, condition or restriction in the license. The licensee
may object on the grounds that any term, condition or restriction is inconsistent with the Act or this part,
or on any other grounds which may be raised under applicable provisions of law. If the licensee does not
file notice of an objection within the 60-day period immediately following the licensee's receipt of the
notice of issuance or transfer under § 970.509, he will be deemed conclusively to have accepted the
terms, conditions and restrictions in the license.
(b) Any notice of objection filed under paragraph (a) of this section must be in writing, must contain the
precise legal basis for the objection, and must provide information relevant to any underlying factual
issues deemed by the licensee as necessary to the Administrator's decision upon the objection.
(c) Within 90 days after receipt of the notice of objection, the Administrator will act on the objection and
publish in the FEDERAL REGISTER, as well as provide to the licensee, written notice of his decision.

15 CFR 970.510(c) (enhanced display)

page 29 of 43

15 CFR Part 970 (up to date as of 6/13/2025)
Deep Seabed Mining Regulations for Exploration Licenses

15 CFR 970.510(d)

(d) If, after the Administrator takes final action on an objection, the licensee demonstrates that a dispute
remains on a material issue of fact, the Administrator will provide for a formal hearing which will proceed
in accordance with subpart I of 15 CFR part 971.
(e) Any final determination by the Administrator on an objection to terms, conditions or restrictions in a
license after the formal hearing provided in paragraph (d) of this section is subject to judicial review as
provided in chapter 7 of title 5, United States Code.
[46 FR 45903, Sept. 15, 1981, as amended at 54 FR 548, Jan. 6, 1989]

§ 970.511 Suspension or modification of activities; suspension or revocation of licenses.
(a) The Administrator may:
(1) In addition to, or in lieu of, the imposition of any civil penalty under subpart J of 15 CFR part 971, or
in addition to the imposition of any fine under subpart J, suspend or revoke any license issued under
this part, or suspend or modify any particular activities under such a license, if the licensee
substantially fails to comply with any provision of the Act, this part, or any term, condition or
restriction of the license; and
(2) Suspend or modify particular activities under any license, if the President determines that such
suspension or modification is necessary:
(i)

To avoid any conflict with any international obligation of the United States established by any
treaty or convention in force with respect to the United States; or

(ii) To avoid any situation which may reasonably be expected to lead to a breach of international
peace and security involving armed conflict.
(b) Any action taken by the Administrator in accordance with paragraph (a)(1) will proceed pursuant to the
procedures in 15 CFR 971.1003. Any action taken in accordance with paragraph (a)(2) will proceed
pursuant to paragraphs (c) through (i) of this section, other than paragraph (h)(2).
(c) Prior to taking any action specified in paragraph (a)(2) of this section the Administrator will publish in the
FEDERAL REGISTER, and send to the licensee, written notice of the proposed action. The notice will include:
(1) The basis of the proposed action; and
(2) If the basis for the proposed action is a deficiency which the Administrator believes the licensee can
correct:
(i)

The action believed necessary to correct the deficiency; and

(ii) The time within which any correctable deficiency must be corrected (this period of time may not
exceed 180 days except as specified by the Administrator for good cause).
(d) The Administrator will take the proposed action:
(1) On the 30th day after the date the notice is sent to the licensee, under paragraph (c) of this section,
unless before such 30th day the licensee files with the Administrator a written request for an
administrative review of the proposed action; or

15 CFR 970.511(d)(1) (enhanced display)

page 30 of 43

15 CFR Part 970 (up to date as of 6/13/2025)
Deep Seabed Mining Regulations for Exploration Licenses

15 CFR 970.511(d)(2)

(2) On the last day of the period established under paragraph (c)(2)(ii) of this section in which the
licensee must correct the deficiency, if such deficiency has not been corrected before such day and
an administrative review requested pursuant to paragraph (d)(1) of this section is not pending or in
progress.
(e) If a timely request for administrative review of the proposed action is made by the licensee under
paragraph (d)(1) of this section, the Administrator will promptly begin a formal hearing in accordance with
subpart I of 15 CFR part 971. If the proposed action is the result of a correctable deficiency, the
administrative review will proceed concurrently with any attempt to correct the deficiency, unless the
parties agree otherwise or the administrative law judge orders differently.
(f) The Administrator will serve on the licensee, and publish in the FEDERAL REGISTER, written notice of the
action taken including the reasons therefor.
(g) Any final determination by the Administrator to take the proposed action is subject to judicial review as
provided in chapter 7 of title 5, United States Code.
(h) The issuance of any notice of proposed action under this section will not affect the continuation of
exploration activities by a licensee, except as provided in paragraph (i) of this section.
(i)

The provisions of paragraphs (c), (d), (e) and (h) of this section will not apply when:
(1) The President determines by Executive Order that an immediate suspension of a license, or
immediate suspension or modification of particular activities under such license, is necessary for
the reasons set forth in paragraph (a)(2) of this section; or
(2) The Administrator determines that immediate suspension of such a license, or immediate
suspension or modification of particular activities under a license, is necessary to prevent a
significant adverse effect on the environment or to preserve the safety of life or property at sea, and
the Administrator issues an emergency order in accordance with § 971.1003(d)(4).

(j)

The Administrator will immediately rescind the emergency order as soon as he has determined that the
cause for the order has been removed.

[46 FR 45903, Sept. 15, 1981, as amended at 54 FR 548, Jan. 6, 1989]

§ 970.512 Modification of terms, conditions and restrictions.
(a) After issuance or transfer of any license, the Administrator, after consultation with interested agencies
and the licensee, may modify any term, condition, or restriction in such license for the following purposes:
(1) To avoid unreasonable interference with the interests of other nations in their exercise of the
freedoms of the high seas, as recognized under general principles of international law. This
determination will take into account the provisions of § 970.503;
(2) If relevant data and other information (including, but not limited to, data resulting from exploration
activities under the license) indicate that modification is required to protect the quality of the
environment or to promote the safety of life and property at sea;
(3) To avoid a conflict with any international obligation of the United States, established by any treaty or
convention in force with respect to the United States, as determined in writing by the President; or
(4) To avoid any situation which may reasonably be expected to lead to a breach of international peace
and security involving armed conflict, as determined in writing by the President.
15 CFR 970.512(a)(4) (enhanced display)

page 31 of 43

15 CFR Part 970 (up to date as of 6/13/2025)
Deep Seabed Mining Regulations for Exploration Licenses

15 CFR 970.512(b)

(b) The procedures for objection to the modification of a term, condition or restriction will be the same as
those for objection to an original term, condition or restriction under § 970.510, except that the period for
filing notice of objection will run from the receipt of notice of proposed modification. Public notice of
proposed modifications under this section will be made according to § 970.514. On or before the date of
publication of public notice, written notice will be provided to the licensee.
[46 FR 45903, Sept. 15, 1981; 47 FR 5966, Feb. 9, 1982]

§ 970.513 Revision of a license.
(a) During the term of an exploration license, the licensee may submit to the Administrator an application for
a revision of the license or the exploration plan associated with it. NOAA recognizes that changes in
circumstances encountered, and in information and technology developed, by the licensee during
exploration may require such revisions. In some cases it may even be advisable to recognize at the time
of filing the original license application that although the essential information for issuing or transferring a
license as specified in §§ 970.201 through 920.208 must be included in such application, some details
may have to be provided in the future in the form of a revision. In such instances, the Administrator may
issue or transfer a license which would authorize exploration activities and plans only to the extent
described in the application.
(b) The Administrator will approve such application for a revision upon a finding in writing that the revision
will comply with the requirements of the Act and this part.
(c) A change which would require an application to and approval by the Administrator as a revision is a major
change in one or more of:
(1) The bases for certifying the original application pursuant to §§ 970.401 through 970.406;
(2) The bases for issuing or transferring the license pursuant to §§ 970.503 through 970.507; or
(3) The terms, conditions and restrictions issued for the license pursuant to §§ 970.517 through
970.524.
A major change is one which is of such significance so as to raise a question as to:
(i)

The applicant's ability to meet the requirements of the sections cited in paragraphs (c) (1) and
(2) of this section; or

(ii) The sufficiency of the terms, conditions and restrictions to accomplish their intended purpose.

§ 970.514 Scale requiring application procedures.
(a) A proposal by the Administrator to modify a term, condition or restriction in a license pursuant to §
970.512, or an application by a licensee for revision of a license or exploration plan pursuant to § 970.513,
is significant, and the full application requirements and procedures will apply, if it would result in other
than an incidental:
(1) Increase in the size of the exploration area; or
(2) Change in the location of the area.
An incidental increase or change is that which equals two percent or less of the original exploration area,
so long as such adjustment is contiguous to the licensed area.

15 CFR 970.514(a)(2) (enhanced display)

page 32 of 43

15 CFR Part 970 (up to date as of 6/13/2025)
Deep Seabed Mining Regulations for Exploration Licenses

15 CFR 970.514(b)

(b) All proposed modifications or revisions other than described in paragraph (a) of this section will be acted
on after a notice thereof is published by the Administrator in the FEDERAL REGISTER, with a 60-day
opportunity for public comment. On a case-by-case basis, the Administrator will determine if other
procedures, such as a public hearing in a potentially affected area, are warranted. Notice of the
Administrator's decision on the proposed modification will be provided to the licensee in writing and
published in the FEDERAL REGISTER.

§ 970.515 Duration of a license.
(a) Each exploration license will be issued for a period of 10 years.
(b) If the licensee has substantially complied with the license and its associated exploration plan and
requests an extension of the license, the Administrator will extend the license on terms, conditions and
restrictions consistent with the Act and this part for a period of not more than 5 years.
In determining substantial compliance for purposes of this section, the Administrator may make allowance for
deviation from the exploration plan for good cause, such as significantly changed market conditions. However,
a request for extension must be accompanied by an amended exploration plan to govern the activities by the
licensee during the extended period.
(c) Successive extensions may be requested, and will be granted by the Administrator, based on the criteria,
and for the length of time, specified in paragraph (b) of this section.

§ 970.516 Approval of license transfers.
(a) The Administrator may transfer a license after a written request by the licensee. After a licensee submits
such a request to the Administrator, the proposed transferee will be deemed an applicant for an
exploration license, and will be subject to the requirements and procedures of this part.
(b) The Administrator will transfer a license if the proposed transferee and exploration activities meet the
requirements of the Act and this part, and if the proposed transfer is in the public interest. The
Administrator will presume that the transfer is in the public interest if it meets the requirements of the Act
and this part. In case of mere change in the form or ownership of a licensee, the Administrator may waive
relevant determinations for requirements for which no changes have occurred since the preceding
application.

TERMS, CONDITIONS, AND RESTRICTIONS
§ 970.517 Diligence requirements.
The terms, conditions and restrictions in each exploration license must include provisions to assure diligent
development. The Administrator will establish these pursuant to § 970.602.

§ 970.518 Environmental protection requirements.
(a) Each exploration license must contain such terms, conditions and restrictions, established by the
Administrator, which prescribe actions the licensee must take in the conduct of exploration activities to
assure protection of the environment. The Administrator will establish these pursuant to § 970.702.

15 CFR 970.518(a) (enhanced display)

page 33 of 43

15 CFR Part 970 (up to date as of 6/13/2025)
Deep Seabed Mining Regulations for Exploration Licenses

15 CFR 970.518(b)

(b) Before establishing the terms, conditions and restrictions pertaining to environmental protection, the
Administrator will consult with the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, the Secretary of
State and the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating. He also will take into
account and give due consideration to the information contained in the final EIS prepared with respect to
that proposed license.

§ 970.519 Resource conservation requirements.
For the purpose of conservation of natural resources, each license issued under this part will contain, as needed,
terms, conditions and restrictions which have due regard for the prevention of waste and the future opportunity for
the commercial recovery of the unrecovered balance of the hard mineral resources in the license area. The
Administrator will establish these pursuant to § 970.603.

§ 970.520 Freedom of the high seas requirements.
Each license issued under this part must include such restrictions as may be necessary and appropriate to ensure
that the exploration activities do not unreasonably interfere with the interests of other nations in their exercise of
the freedoms of the high seas, as recognized under general principles of international law, such as fishing,
navigation, submarine pipeline and cable laying, and scientific research. The Administrator will consider the
provisions in § 970.503 in establishing these restrictions.

§ 970.521 Safety at sea requirements.
The Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating, in consultation with the Administrator, will
require in any license issued under this part, in conformity with principles of international law, that vessels
documented under the laws of the United States and used in activities authorized under the license comply with
conditions regarding the design, construction, alteration, repair, equipment, operation, manning and maintenance
relating to vessel and crew safety and the promotion of safety of life and property at sea. These requirements will
be established with reference to subpart H of this part.

§ 970.522 Monitoring requirements.
Each exploration license must require the licensee:
(a) To allow the Administrator to place appropriate Federal officers or employees as observers aboard
vessels used by the licensee in exploration activities to:
(1) Monitor such activities at such time, and to such extent, as the Administrator deems reasonable and
necessary to assess the effectiveness of the terms, conditions, and restrictions of the license; and
(2) Report to the Administrator whenever such officers or employees have reason to believe there is a
failure to comply with such terms, conditions, and restrictions;
(b) To cooperate with such officers and employees in the performance of monitoring functions; and
(c) To monitor the environmental effects of the exploration activities in accordance with a monitoring plan
approved and issued by the Administrator as license terms, conditions and restrictions, and to submit
such information as the Administrator finds to be necessary and appropriate to assess environmental
impacts and to develop and evaluate possible methods of mitigating adverse environmental effects. This
environmental monitoring plan and reporting will respond to the concerns and procedures discussed in
Subpart G of this part.
15 CFR 970.522(c) (enhanced display)

page 34 of 43

15 CFR Part 970 (up to date as of 6/13/2025)
Deep Seabed Mining Regulations for Exploration Licenses

15 CFR 970.523

§ 970.523 Special terms, conditions, and restrictions.
Although the general criteria and standards to be used in establishing terms, conditions, and restrictions for a
license are set forth in this part, as referenced in §§ 970.517 through 970.522, the Administrator may impose
special terms, conditions, and restrictions for the conservation of natural resources, protection of the environment,
or the safety of life and property at sea when required by differing physical and environmental conditions.

§ 970.524 Other Federal requirements.
Pursuant to § 970.211, another Federal agency, upon review of an exploration license application submitted under
this part, may indicate how terms, conditions, and restrictions might be added to the license, to assure compliance
with any law or regulation within that agency's area of responsibility. In response to the intent, reflected in section
103(e) of the Act, to reduce the number of separate actions to satisfy the statutory responsibilities of these
agencies, the Administrator may include such terms, conditions, and restrictions in a license.

Subpart F—Resource Development Concepts
Source: 46 FR 45907, Sept. 15, 1981, unless otherwise noted.

§ 970.600 General.
Several provisions in the Act relate to appropriate mining techniques or mining efficiency. These raise what could be
characterized as resource development issues. In particular, under section 103(a)(2)(D) of the Act, the applicant will
select the size and location of the area of an exploration plan, which will be approved unless the Administrator finds
that the area is not a “logical mining unit.” Also, pursuant to section 108 of the Act the applicant's exploration plan
and the terms, conditions and restrictions of each license must be designed to ensure diligent development. In
addition, for the purpose of conservation of natural resources, section 110 of the Act provides that each license is
to contain, but only as needed, terms, conditions, and restrictions which have due regard for the prevention of waste
and the future opportunity for the commercial recovery of the unrecovered balance of the resources.

§ 970.601 Logical mining unit.
(a) In the case of an exploration license, a logical mining unit is an area of the deep seabed which can be
explored under the license, and within the 10-year license period, in an efficient, economical and orderly
manner with due regard for conservation and protection of the environment, taking into consideration the
resource data, other relevant physical and environmental characteristics, and the state of the technology
of the applicant as set forth in the exploration plan. In addition, it must be of sufficient size to allow for
intensive exploration.
(b) Approval by the Administrator of a proposed exploration logical mining unit will be based on a case-bycase review of each application. In order to provide a proper basis for this evaluation, the applicant's
exploration plan should describe the seabed topography, the location of mineral deposits and the nature
of planned equipment and operations. Also, the exploration plan must show the relationship between the
area to be explored and the applicant's plans for commercial recovery volume, to the extent projected in
the exploration plan.
(c) In delineating an exploration area, the applicant need not include unmineable areas. Thus, the area need
not consist of contiguous segments, as long as each segment would be efficiently mineable and the total
proposed area constitutes a logical mining unit. In describing the area, the applicant must present the
15 CFR 970.601(c) (enhanced display)

page 35 of 43

15 CFR Part 970 (up to date as of 6/13/2025)
Deep Seabed Mining Regulations for Exploration Licenses

15 CFR 970.601(d)

geodetic coordinates of the points defining the boundaries, referred to the World Geodetic System (WGS)
Datum. A boundary between points must be a geodesic. If grid coordinates are desired, the Universal
Transverse Mercator Grid System must be used.
(d) At the applicant's option, for the purpose of satisfying a possible obligation under a future Law of the Sea
Treaty, the applicant may propose an exploration area which includes two exploration logical mining units.
The applicant should specify in the application if this “banking” option is chosen, and any applicant
choosing this option and filing an application based on pre-enactment exploration under § 970.301 shall
so notify the Administrator in accordance with § 970.301(g).
(e) Applicants are advised that NOAA will not accept an application or issue a license for an exploration area
larger than 150,000 square kilometers unless the applicant can demonstrate the necessity of a larger area
based on factors such as topography, nodule abundance, distribution and ore grade. If the applicant
elects to pursue the “banking” option described in paragraph (d) of this section, and wishes to apply for
an exploration area larger than 150,000 square kilometers, the applicant must file a second application
with respect to at least the area in excess of 150,000 square kilometers, unless the applicant justifies
such excess area as part of a single application under the preceding sentence.
[46 FR 45907, Sept. 15, 1981, as amended at 47 FR 5968, Feb. 9, 1982]

§ 970.602 Diligent exploration.
(a) Each licensee must pursue diligently the activities described in his approved exploration plan. This
requirement applies to the full scope of the plan, including environmental safeguards and monitoring
systems. To help assure this diligence, terms, conditions and restrictions which the Administrator issues
with a license will require such periodic reasonable expenditures for exploration by the licensee as the
Administrator may establish, taking into account the size of the area of the deep seabed to which the
exploration plan applies and the amount of funds which is estimated by the Administrator to be required
during exploration for commercial recovery of hard mineral resources to begin within the time limit
established by the Administrator. However, such required expenditures will not be established at a level
which would discourage exploration by persons with less costly technology than is prevalently in use.
(b) In order to fulfill the diligence requirement, the applicant first must propose to the Administrator an
estimated schedule of activities and expenditures pursuant to § 970.203(b) (3) and (6). The schedule
must show, and the Administrator must be able to make a reasonable determination, that the applicant
can complete his exploration activities within the term of the license. In this regard, there must be a
reasonable relationship between the size of the exploration area and the financial and technological
resources reflected in the application. Also, the exploration must clearly point toward developing the
ability, by the end of the 10-year license period, to apply for and obtain a permit for commercial recovery.
(c) Ultimately, the diligence requirement will involve a retrospective determination by the Administrator, based
on the licensee's reasonable conformance to the approved exploration plan. Such determination, however,
will take into account the need for some degree of flexibility in an exploration plan. It also will include
consideration of the needs and stage of development of each licensee, again based on the approved
exploration plan. In addition, the determination will take account of legitimate periods of time when there
is no or very low expenditure, and will allow for a certain degree of flexibility for changes encountered by
the licensee in such factors as its resource knowledge and financial considerations.

15 CFR 970.602(c) (enhanced display)

page 36 of 43

15 CFR Part 970 (up to date as of 6/13/2025)
Deep Seabed Mining Regulations for Exploration Licenses

15 CFR 970.602(d)

(d) In order for the Administrator to make determinations on a licensee's adherence to the diligence
requirements, the licensee must submit a report annually reflecting his conformance to the schedule of
activities and expenditures contained in the license. In case of any changes requiring a revision to an
approved license and exploration plan, the licensee must advise the Administrator in accordance with §
970.513.

§ 970.603 Conservation of resources.
(a) With respect to the exploration phase of seabed mining, the requirement for the conservation of natural
resources, encompassing due regard for the prevention of waste and the future opportunity for the
commercial recovery of the unrecovered balance of the hard mineral resources in the area to which the
license applies, may not be particularly relevant. Thus, since the Act requires such terms, conditions and
restrictions only as needed, exploration licenses will require such provisions only as the Administrator
deems necessary.
(b) NOAA views license phase mining system tests as an opportunity to examine, with industry, the
conservation implications of any mining patterns used. Thus, in order to develop information needed for
future decisions during commercial recovery, NOAA will include with a license a requirement for the
submission of collector track and nodule production data. Only if information submitted reflects that the
integrated system tests are resulting in undue waste or threatening the future opportunity for commercial
recovery of the unrecovered balance of hard mineral resources will the Administrator modify the terms,
conditions or restrictions pertaining to the conservation of natural resources, in order to address such
problems.
(c) If the Administrator so modifies such terms, conditions and restrictions relating to conservation of
resources, he will employ a balancing process in the consideration of the state of the technology being
developed, the processing system utilized and the value and potential use of any waste, the
environmental effects of the exploration activities, economic and resource data, and the national need for
hard mineral resources.

Subpart G—Environmental Effects
Source: 46 FR 45908, Sept. 15, 1981, unless otherwise noted.

§ 970.700 General.
Congress, in authorizing the exploration for hard mineral resources under the Act, also enacted provisions relating
to the protection of the marine environment from the effects of exploration activities. For example, before the
Administrator may issue a license, pursuant to section 105(a)(4) of the Act he must find that the exploration
proposed in an application cannot reasonably be expected to result in a significant adverse effect on the quality of
the environment. Also, the Act requires in section 109(b) that each license issued by the Administrator must contain
such terms, conditions and restrictions which prescribe the actions the licensee must take in the conduct of
exploration activities to assure protection of the environment. Furthermore, the Act in section 105(c)(1)(B) provides
for the modification by the Administrator of any term, condition or restriction if relevant data and other information
indicates that modification is required to protect the quality of the environment. In addition, section 114 of the Act
specifies that each license issued under the Act must require the licensee to monitor the environmental effects of
the exploration activities in accordance with guidelines issued by the Administrator, and to submit such information
as the Administrator finds to be necessary and appropriate to assess environmental impacts and to develop and
evaluate possible methods of mitigating adverse environmental effects.
15 CFR 970.700 (enhanced display)

page 37 of 43

15 CFR Part 970 (up to date as of 6/13/2025)
Deep Seabed Mining Regulations for Exploration Licenses

15 CFR 970.701

§ 970.701 Significant adverse environmental effects.
(a) Activities with no significant impact. NOAA believes that exploration activities of the type listed below are
very similar or identical to activities considered in section 6(c)(3) of NOAA Directives Manual 02-10, and
therefore have no potential for significant environmental impact, and will require no further environmental
assessment.
(1) Gravity and magnetometric observations and measurements;
(2) Bottom and sub-bottom acoustic profiling or imaging without the use of explosives;
(3) Mineral sampling of a limited nature such as those using either core, grab or basket samplers;
(4) Water and biotic sampling, if the sampling does not adversely affect shellfish beds, marine
mammals, or an endangered species, or if permitted by the National Marine Fisheries Service or
another Federal agency;
(5) Meteorological observations and measurements, including the setting of instruments;
(6) Hydrographic and oceanographic observations and measurements, including the setting of
instruments;
(7) Sampling by box core, small diameter core or grab sampler, to determine seabed geological or
geotechnical properties;
(8) Television and still photographic observation and measurements;
(9) Shipboard mineral assaying and analysis; and
(10) Positioning systems, including bottom transponders and surface and subsurface buoys filed in
Notices to Mariners.
(b) Activities with potential impact.
(1) NOAA research has identified at-sea testing of recovery equipment and the operation of processing
test facilities as activities which have some potential for significant environmental impacts during
exploration. However, the research has revealed that only the following limited effects are expected
to have potential for significant adverse environmental impact.
(2) The programmatic EIS's documents three at-sea effects of deep seabed mining which cumulatively
during commercial recovery have the potential for significant effect. These three effects also occur
during mining system tests that may be conducted under a license, but are expected to be
insignificant. These include the following:
(i)

Destruction of benthos in and near the collector track. Present information reflects that the
impact from this effect during mining tests under exploration licenses will be extremely small.

(ii) Blanketing of benthic fauna and dilution of food supply away from mine site subareas. The
settling of fine sediments disturbed by tests under a license of scale-model mining systems
which simulate commercial recovery could adversely affect benthic fauna by blanketing,
diluation of their food supply, or both. Because of the anticipated slow settling rate of the
sediments, the affected area could be quite large. However, research results are insufficient to
conclude that this will indeed be a problem.
(iii) Surface plume effect on fish larvae. The impact of demonstration-scale mining tests during
exploration is expected to be insignificant.
15 CFR 970.701(b)(2)(iii) (enhanced display)

page 38 of 43

15 CFR Part 970 (up to date as of 6/13/2025)
Deep Seabed Mining Regulations for Exploration Licenses

15 CFR 970.701(b)(3)

(3) If processing facilities in the United States are planned to be used for testing during exploration,
NOAA also will assess their impacts in the site-specific EIS developed for each license.
(c) NOAA approach. In making determinations on significant adverse environmental effects, the Administrator
will draw on the above conclusions and other findings in NOAA's programmatic environmental statement
and site-specific statements issued in accordance with the Act. He will issue licenses with terms,
conditions and restrictions containing, as appropriate, environmental protection or mitigation
requirements (pursuant to § 970.518) and monitoring requirements (pursuant to § 970.522). The focus of
NOAA's environmental efforts will be on environmental research and on monitoring during mining tests to
acquire more information on the environmental effects of deep seabed mining. If these efforts reveal that
modification is required to protect the quality of the environment, NOAA then may modify terms,
conditions and restrictions pursuant to § 970.512.

§ 970.702 Monitoring and mitigation of environmental effects.
(a) Monitoring. If an application is determined to be otherwise acceptable, the Administrator will specify an
environmental monitoring plan as part of the terms, conditions and restrictions developed for each
license. The plan will be based on the monotoring plan proposed by the applicant and reviewed by NOAA
for completeness, accuracy and statistical reliability. This monitoring strategy will be devised to insure
that the exploration activities do not deviate significantly from the approved exploration plan and to
determine if the assessment of the plan's acceptability was sound. The monitoring plan, among other
things, will include monitoring environmental parameters relating to verficiation of NOAA's findings
concerning potential impacts, but relating mainly to the three unresolved concerns with the potential for
significant environmental effect, as identified in § 970.701(b)(2). NOAA has developed a technical
guidance document, which includes parameters pertaining to the upper and lower water column and
operational aspects, which document will provide assistance in developing monitoring plans in
consultation with applicants.
(b) Mitigation. Monitoring and continued research may develop information on future needs for mitigating
environmental effects. If such needs are identified, terms, conditions and restrictions can be modified
appropriately.

Subpart H—Safety of Life and Property at Sea
§ 970.800 General.
The Act contains requirements, in the context of several decisions, that relate to assuring the safety of life and
property at sea. For instance, before the Administrator may issue a license, section 105(a)(5) of the Act requires
that he find that the proposed exploration will not pose an inordinate threat to the safety of life and property at sea.
Also, under section 112(a) of the Act the Coast Guard, in consultation with NOAA, must require in any license or
permit issued under the Act, in conformity with principles of international law, that vessels documented in the
United States and used in activities authorized under the license comply with conditions regarding the design,
construction, alteration, repair, equipment, operation, manning and maintenance relating to vessel and crew safety
and the safety of life and property at sea. In addition, under section 105(c)(1)(B) of the Act, the Administrator may
modify terms, conditions and restrictions for a license if required to promote the safety of life and property at sea.
[46 FR 45909, Sept. 15, 1981]

15 CFR 970.800 (enhanced display)

page 39 of 43

15 CFR Part 970 (up to date as of 6/13/2025)
Deep Seabed Mining Regulations for Exploration Licenses

15 CFR 970.801

§ 970.801 Criteria for safety of life and property at sea.
Response to the safety at sea requirements in essence will involve vessel inspection requirements. These
inspection requirements may be identified by reference to present laws and regulations. The primary inspection
statutes pertaining to United States flag vessels are: 46 U.S.C. 86 (Loadlines); 46 U.S.C. 395 (Inspection of seagoing
barges over 100 gross tons); 46 U.S.C. 367 (Inspection of sea-going motor vessels over 300 gross tons); and 46
U.S.C. 404 (Inspection of vessels above 15 gross tons carrying freight for hire). All United States flag vessels will be
required to meet existing regulatory requirements applicable to such vessels. This includes the requirement for a
current valid Coast Guard Certificate of Inspection, as specified in § 970.205. Being United States flag, these
vessels will be under United States jurisdiction on the high seas and subject to domestic enforcement procedures.
With respect to foreign flag vessels, the SOLAS 74 or SOLAS 60 certificate requirements or alternative IACS
requirements, as specified in § 970.205, apply.
[46 FR 45909, Sept. 15, 1981]

Subpart I—Miscellaneous
§ 970.900 Other applicable regulations.
The regulations in subparts H, I and J of 15 CFR part 971 are consolidated regulations and are applicable both to
licenses under this part and to permits under 15 CFR part 971. The regulations in subparts H, I and J of part 971
govern records to be maintained and information to be submitted by licensees and permittees, public disclosure of
documents received by NOAA, relinquishment and surrender of licenses and permits, amendment of regulations,
competition of time, uniform hearing procedures, and enforcement under the Act.
[54 FR 548, Jan. 6, 1989]

Subparts J-W [Reserved]
Subpart X—Pre-enactment Exploration
§ 970.2401 Definitions.
(a) Engage in exploration means:
(1) To cause or authorize exploration to occur, including but not limited to a person's actions as a
sponsor, principal, or purchaser of exploration services; or
(2) To conduct exploration on behalf of a person described in paragraph (a)(1) of this section.
(b) [Reserved]
[45 FR 76662, Nov. 20, 1980, as amended at 47 FR 5966, Feb. 9, 1982]

§ 970.2402 Notice of pre-enactment exploration.
(a) General. NOAA encourages any United States citizen who engaged in exploration for deep seabed hard
mineral resources before June 28, 1980, to file not later than February 1, 1981, a written notice with the
Administrator, in care of: The Director, Office of Ocean Minerals and Energy, National Oceanic and

15 CFR 970.2402(a) (enhanced display)

page 40 of 43

15 CFR Part 970 (up to date as of 6/13/2025)
Deep Seabed Mining Regulations for Exploration Licenses

15 CFR 970.2402(b)

Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce, Page Building 1, Suite 410, 2001 Wisconsin
Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 20235. Such notice shall not constitute an application for a license or
permit and shall not confer or confirm any priority of right to any site.
(b) Content of pre-enactment exploration Notice. If a notice of exploration commenced prior to June 28, 1980,
is filed pursuant to paragraph (a) it should be in writing and include the following:
(1) Names, addresses, and telephone numbers of the United States citizens responsible for exploration
operations to whom notices and orders are to be delivered;
(2) A description of the citizen or citizens engaging in such exploration including:
(i)

Whether the citizen is a natural person, partnership, corporation, joint venture, or other form of
association;

(ii) The state of incorporation of state in which the partnership or other business entity is
registered;
(iii) The name of registered agent and places of business;
(iv) Certification of essential and non-proprietary provisions in articles of incorporation, charter, or
articles of association; and
(v) Membership of the association, partnership, or joint venture, including information about the
participation of partners and joint venturers, and/or ownership of stock.
(3) A general description of the exploration activities conducted prior to June 28, 1980, including:
(i)

The approximate date that the citizen, or predecessor in interest, commenced exploration
activities;

(ii) A general estimate of expenditures made on the exploration program prior to June 28, 1980;
(iii) A statement of whether the citizen intends to file an application for an exploration license
pursuant to section 101(b)(1)(A) of the Act after NOAA issues regulations implementing
section 103(a) of the Act; and
(iv) A statement of whether the citizen intends to continue to engage in exploration as allowed by
section 101(b) of the Act, pending a final determination on his application for an exploration
license.
(c) Exclusion of location information. The information submitted in the notice of pre-enactment exploration
required by this section shall not include the location of past or future exploration or prospective mine
sites.
[45 FR 76662, Nov. 20, 1980]

Subpart Y—Pre-license Exploration
Source: 45 FR 76662, Nov. 20, 1980, unless otherwise noted.

15 CFR 970.2402(c) (enhanced display)

page 41 of 43

15 CFR Part 970 (up to date as of 6/13/2025)
Deep Seabed Mining Regulations for Exploration Licenses

15 CFR 970.2501

§ 970.2501 Notice of pre-license exploration voyages.
(a) General. Any United States citizen who schedules an exploration voyage to begin after November 20, 1980
shall file written notice with the Administrator which sets out:
(1) The name, address and telephone number of the citizen;
(2) The anticipated date of commencement of the voyage and its planned duration;
(3) The exploration activities to be carried out on the voyage, including a general description of the
equipment and methods to be used, and an estimate of the anticipated extent of seabed disturbance
and effluent discharge; and
(4) If the U.S. citizen has not filed a notice of pre-enactment exploration in accordance with § 970.2402,
the information specified in § 970.2402(b).
(b) When and where to file Notice of future exploration —
(1) When.
(i)

Except as allowed in paragraph (b)(2) of this section, the notice required by paragraph (a) of
this section must be filed not later than 45 days prior to the date on which the exploration
voyage is scheduled to begin.

(ii) With respect to filing of the information referred to in paragraph (a)(4) of this section, the filing
dates specified in paragraph (b) of this section shall prevail over the date specified in §
970.2402(a).
(2) Exception. If an exploration voyage is scheduled to begin before January 5, 1981, the notice required
by paragraph (a) of this section must be filed on or before December 22, 1980.
(3) Where. The notice required by paragraph (a) of this section must be filed in writing with the
Administrator, at the address specified in § 970.2402(a) of this part.

§ 970.2502 Post voyage report.
Within 30 days of the conclusion of each exploration voyage, the United States citizen engaging in the voyage shall
submit to NOAA a report containing any environmental data or information obtained during that voyage.

§ 970.2503 Suspension of exploration activities.
(a) The Administrator may issue an emergency order, either in writing or orally with written confirmation,
requiring the immediate suspension of exploration activities or any particular exploration activity when, in
his judgment, immediate suspension of such activity or activities is necessary to prevent a significant
adverse effect on the environment. Upon receipt of notice of the emergency order, the United States
citizen engaged in the exploration shall immediately cease the activity that is the subject of the
emergency order. During any suspension NOAA will consult with the citizen engaged in the activity
suspended concerning appropriate measures to remove the cause of suspension. A suspension may be
rescinded at any time by written notice from the Administrator upon presentation of satisfactory evidence
by the citizen that the activity will no longer threaten a significant adverse effect on the environment.
(b) [Reserved]

Subpart Z—Miscellaneous
15 CFR 970.2503(b) (enhanced display)

page 42 of 43

15 CFR Part 970 (up to date as of 6/13/2025)
Deep Seabed Mining Regulations for Exploration Licenses

15 CFR 970.2601

§ 970.2601 Additional information.
Any United States citizen filing notice under § 970.2402 or § 970.2501 of this part shall provide such additional
information as the Administrator may require as necessary and appropriate to implement section 101 of the Act.
[45 FR 76662, Nov. 20, 1980]

15 CFR 970.2601 (enhanced display)

page 43 of 43